Reduced Vastus Medialis/Lateralis EMG Ratio in Volleyballers with Chronic Knee Pain on Sports-Specific Surfaces: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Even though chronic knee pain is common in volleyball, neuromuscular imbalance as a potential risk factor has not been investigated in volleyball-specific tasks. The aim of the study was to compare neuromuscular control between healthy and injured players in a clinical jump test and a volleyball-specific jump task in real field conditions.

Methods: Six athletes with knee pain and nine controls were included. Surface electromyographic data were recorded from the mm. vastus medialis (VM) and lateralis (VL) of both legs. VM/VL activation ratio was calculated from countermovement jump (CMJ) and volleyball spike indoors and on two beach surfaces.

Results: All subjects had pain in the leading leg. Mann-Whitney U Test (M-W-U Test) revealed a significantly lower VM/VL ratio of the leading leg (always affected) of the injured compared with that of the healthy control group for the CMJ and spike jump on all three grounds. Bland-Altman analysis revealed low bias and low difference in standard deviation for the injured leg but high values for the uninvolved leg and healthy controls between tasks and grounds. These results could indicate that neuromuscular control might not adapt too well to different movement tasks and grounds in the injured leg.

Conclusion: Athletes with chronic knee pain might have lower VM/VL ratios than controls independent from movement task and ground. Neuromuscular control in injured athletes might be less adaptable to new circumstances. The results of neuromuscular control in laboratory settings might be applicable to field conditions in injured legs but not healthy ones.

Keywords: electromyography; horizontal landing phase; jumping; quadriceps activation; sand; stop-landing task.

Figure 1

Box plots of VM/VL ratios of athletes with and without chronic knee pain on the leading leg. Ratios are displayed for all three surfaces: hard surface, sand 1, and sand 2. Significant group differences (α < 0.05) are marked with *. Individual VM/VL ratios are displayed as dots.