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. 2022 Aug 15;11(16):4763.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11164763.

Management of Preschool Wheezing: Guideline from the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group

Valentina Fainardi  1 , Carlo Caffarelli  1 , Michela Deolmi  1 , Kaltra Skenderaj  1 , Aniello Meoli  1 , Riccardo Morini  1 , Barbara Maria Bergamini  2 , Luca Bertelli  3 , Loretta Biserna  4 , Paolo Bottau  5 , Elena Corinaldesi  6 , Nicoletta De Paulis  7 , Arianna Dondi  3 , Battista Guidi  8 , Francesca Lombardi  9 , Maria Sole Magistrali  7 , Elisabetta Marastoni  10 , Silvia Pastorelli  11 , Alessandra Piccorossi  12 , Maurizio Poloni  13 , Sylvie Tagliati  14 , Francesca Vaienti  15 , Giuseppe Gregori  16 , Roberto Sacchetti  16 , Sandra Mari  17 , Manuela Musetti  17 , Francesco Antodaro  18 , Andrea Bergomi  18 , Lamberto Reggiani  19 , Fabio Caramelli  20 , Alessandro De Fanti  10 , Federico Marchetti  4 , Giampaolo Ricci  3 , Susanna Esposito  1 ; Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group
Affiliations

Management of Preschool Wheezing: Guideline from the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group

Valentina Fainardi et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Preschool wheezing should be considered an umbrella term for distinctive diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. Despite many efforts, there is a large gap in knowledge regarding management of preschool wheezing. In order to fill this lack of knowledge, the aim of these guidelines was to define management of wheezing disorders in preschool children (aged up to 5 years). A multidisciplinary panel of experts of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, addressed twelve different key questions regarding the management of preschool wheezing. Clinical questions have been formulated by the expert panel using the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) and systematic reviews have been conducted on PubMed to answer these specific questions, with the aim of formulating recommendations. The GRADE approach has been used for each selected paper, to assess the quality of the evidence and the degree of recommendations. These guidelines represent, in our opinion, the most complete and up-to-date collection of recommendations on preschool wheezing to guide pediatricians in the management of their patients, standardizing approaches. Undoubtedly, more research is needed to find objective biomarkers and understand underlying mechanisms to assess phenotype and endotype and to personalize targeted treatment.

Keywords: allergen sensitization; episodic viral wheezing; multiple trigger wheezing; pediatric pulmonology; wheezing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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