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Review
. 2022 Aug 8;12(8):1202.
doi: 10.3390/life12081202.

Up-Date on Diabetic Nephropathy

Maria Chiara Pelle  1 , Michele Provenzano  2 , Marco Busutti  2 , Clara Valentina Porcu  2 , Isabella Zaffina  1 , Lucia Stanga  3 , Franco Arturi  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Up-Date on Diabetic Nephropathy

Maria Chiara Pelle et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide, and it is linked to an increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) increases morbidity and mortality among people living with diabetes. Risk factors for DN are chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure; the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade improves glomerular function and CV risk in these patients. Recently, new antidiabetic drugs, including sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, have demonstrated additional contribution in delaying the progression of kidney disease and enhancing CV outcomes. The therapeutic goal is regression of albuminuria, but an atypical form of non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy (NP-DN) is also described. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art evaluation of current treatment strategies and promising emerging treatments.

Keywords: albuminuria; diabetic nephropathy; hyperglycemia; pathophysiology; therapeutics; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. PKC, protein kinase C; AGE, advanced glycated end-product; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; Ang, angiotensin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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