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Review
. 2022 Aug 7;58(8):1064.
doi: 10.3390/medicina58081064.

The History and Development of the Percutaneous Pedicle Screw (PPS) System

Ken Ishii  1   2   3 , Haruki Funao  1   2   3 , Norihiro Isogai  1   2 , Takanori Saito  4 , Takeshi Arizono  5 , Masahiro Hoshino  6 , Koji Sato  7
Affiliations
Review

The History and Development of the Percutaneous Pedicle Screw (PPS) System

Ken Ishii et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) using the SEXTANT® system (Medtronic) featured the first generation of commercially available percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) system in 2001. The innovative system has since become standard instrumentation used worldwide, and PPS is now used for long-segment minimally invasive surgery (MIS) spinal fixation from the thoracic spine to the pelvis for pathological conditions. PPS systems have been developed for approximately 20 years for the purpose of improving minimally invasive techniques, safety of instrumentation, and ease of use. The third-generation PPS systems established the insertion technique, and the development of the fourth-generation PPS systems have made great strides in minimizing the number of steps in the operative procedure. In the future, PPS systems are expected to continue making use of the latest technological advancements and to develop further with the aim of ensuring greater safety, reducing operator stress, and preventing complications such as insertion errors and infection. In this review article, we describe the historical evolution from the first-generation PPS system to the current PPS systems used today.

Keywords: minimally invasive spinal stabilization (mist); minimally invasive spinal treatment (mist); minimally invasive spine surgery (miss); percutaneous pedicle screws (pps); spinal instrumentation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The 1st- and 2nd-generation PPS systems. SEXTANT® (a), PathFinder® (b), VIPER® (c), ILLICO SE® (d), MANTIS® (e), and ES2® (f).
Figure 1
Figure 1
The 1st- and 2nd-generation PPS systems. SEXTANT® (a), PathFinder® (b), VIPER® (c), ILLICO SE® (d), MANTIS® (e), and ES2® (f).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Third-generation PPS systems (VIPER2 X-tab® and Voyager®). VIPER2 X-tab® (a), VIPER2 cortical fix screw (tip is dual lead thread; base is quad lead thread) (b), VIPER2 X-tab® long fixation (c), VIPER2® tap guard (d), and Voyager® (e,f).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Third-generation PPS systems (VIPER2 X-tab® and Voyager®). VIPER2 X-tab® (a), VIPER2 cortical fix screw (tip is dual lead thread; base is quad lead thread) (b), VIPER2 X-tab® long fixation (c), VIPER2® tap guard (d), and Voyager® (e,f).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Third-generation PPS systems (PRECEPT®, RELINE®, Associa Harp®, and Associa Zique®). PRECEPT® (extender type) (a), PRECEPT® (tab type) (b), RELINE® (extender type) (c), RELINE ® (tab type) (d), Associa Harp® (e), and Associa Zique® (f).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Third-generation PPS systems (PRECEPT®, RELINE®, Associa Harp®, and Associa Zique®). PRECEPT® (extender type) (a), PRECEPT® (tab type) (b), RELINE® (extender type) (c), RELINE ® (tab type) (d), Associa Harp® (e), and Associa Zique® (f).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Third-generation PPS systems (CREO®, Saccura®, and IBIS®). CREO® (a,b), Saccura® (c), and IBIS® (d).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Third-generation PPS systems (CREO®, Saccura®, and IBIS®). CREO® (a,b), Saccura® (c), and IBIS® (d).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Fourth-generation PPS systems (VIPER PRIME® and Voyager ATMAS®). VIPER PRIME® (a,b) and Voyager ATMAS® (c,d).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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