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Review
. 2022 Aug 2;10(8):1556.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081556.

Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Coagulopathy

Jun-Won Seo  1 , Da-Young Kim  1 , Nara Yun  1 , Dong-Min Kim  1
Affiliations
Review

Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Coagulopathy

Jun-Won Seo et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated coagulopathy is an acute illness characterized by thrombosis with or without hemorrhage after COVID-19 infection. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy can occur at any anatomical site. Various forms of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are common in acutely ill patients with COVID-19. Laboratory findings, such as D-dimer and platelet counts, can help diagnose COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Anticoagulation using direct oral anticoagulants and low-molecular-weight heparin is essential for the treatment of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Prophylactic anticoagulants are important in preventing COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in patients with severe COVID-19. In particular, the early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19 can improve survival rates without the risk of serious bleeding events.

Keywords: COVID-19; coagulopathy; hypercoagulability; thrombocytopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathophysiology of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; TF, tissue factor; vWF, von Willebrand factor; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ACE2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor; AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; PAI-I, plasminogen activator-1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; IL-6, interleukin-6.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Anticoagulation therapy in hospitalized patients wCOVID-19 Abbreviations: LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; UFH, unfractionated heparin; HIT, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.* Contraindications for the use of therapeutic anticoagulants: platelet count < 50 × 109/L, hemoglobin (Hgb) < 8 g/dL, the need for dual antiplatelet therapy, bleeding within the last 30 days that required an emergency department visit or hospitalization, and a history of bleeding.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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