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. 2022 Aug 22;27(16):5346.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27165346.

Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antidiabetic Activities of Different Extracts from Caralluma edulis Plant

Maria Khan  1 , Zahid Manzoor  2 , Muhammad Rafiq  1 , Shaukat Hussain Munawar  2 , Muhammad Yasir Waqas  1 , Hamid Majeed  3 , Syed Zahid Ali Shah  4 , Riaz Hussain  4 , Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain  5 , Tehreem Tahir  6 , Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych  7 , Mariusz Mojzych  8
Affiliations

Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antidiabetic Activities of Different Extracts from Caralluma edulis Plant

Maria Khan et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The plant Caralluma edulis is traditionally used against diabetes and inflammatory conditions in Pakistan. This study was designed to provide scientific validation of the traditional use of Caralluma edulis. Phytochemicals were extracted from the plant by different solvents (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone) using the Soxhlet's extraction method. Bioactive compounds were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibition) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP reducing activity) of different extracts from Caralluma edulis were assessed. The antidiabetic potential of Caralluma edulis plant extracts was determined in acute and subacute diabetic rabbit models. Oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant status were also estimated in MDA, CAT, and SOD levels. Results showed that the methanol extract yielded the highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant potential of the methanol extract were the highest among the tested solvents. The tested extracts did not show any remarkable antidiabetic activity in the acute diabetic model. However, all tested extracts demonstrated antidiabetic potential in the subacute diabetic model. No adverse effect was observed at the tested dose (200 mg/kg) of Caralluma edulis extracts in experimental animals. It is concluded that methanol is the key solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from Caralluma edulis. The plant can be used against inflammatory disorders and may prove a potential candidate for drug development. Long-term use of Caralluma edulis at the tested dose (200 mg/kg) showed antidiabetic properties in the animal model.

Keywords: Caralluma edulis; GC-MS analysis; anti-inflammatory; antidiabetic; antioxidant; phytochemical screening; rabbits.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic extract of Caralluma edulis plant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Extraction yield of Caralluma edulis using different solvents. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Means of a column with different letters significantly differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH scavenging activity of different Caralluma edulis extracts. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Means of a column with different letters significantly differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Photographs of the liver tissues from different groups (20×, H&E): (a) control; (b) Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) reference drug groups; (c) Caralluma edulis water extract (200 mg/kg); (d) Caralluma edulis methanol extract (200 mg/kg); (e) Caralluma edulis ethanol extract (200 mg/kg); (f) Caralluma edulis acetone extract (200 mg/kg).
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