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. 2022 Aug 11;12(16):2757.
doi: 10.3390/nano12162757.

Physical Mechanisms of Intermolecular Interactions and Cross-Space Charge Transfer in Two-Photon BDBT-TCNB Co-Crystals

Chen Lu  1 , Ning Li  1 , Ying Jin  1 , Ying Sun  2 , Jingang Wang  1
Affiliations

Physical Mechanisms of Intermolecular Interactions and Cross-Space Charge Transfer in Two-Photon BDBT-TCNB Co-Crystals

Chen Lu et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Co-crystal materials formed by stacking different molecules with weak interactions are a hot research topic. In this work, we theoretically investigate the intermolecular interactions and charge transfer properties of the supramolecular BDBT-TCNB co-crystal (BTC). The π-π bonds, hydrogen bonds, and S-N bonds in the BTC bind the BDBT and TCNB molecules together to form a highly ordered co-crystal and lead to the co-crystal's excellent two-photon absorption (TPA) properties. The intermolecular interactions of the BTC are discussed in detail by the independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH), atoms in molecules (AIM), electrostatic overlay diagram, and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) energy decomposition; it is found that there is a strong interaction force along the stacking direction. The charge transfer properties of the one-photon absorption (OPA) and TPA of the BTC were investigated by charge density difference (CDD) and transition density matrix (TDM). It is found that the dominant charge transfer mode is the cross-space charge transfer along the stacking direction. Therefore, strong intermolecular interactions will promote intermolecular cross-space charge transfer. This work is of great significance for the design of organic optoelectronic supramolecular materials.

Keywords: BDBT–TCNB co-crystals; cross-space charge transfer; intermolecular interactions; two-photon absorption.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The structural diagrams of (a) BDBT, (b) TCNB, and (c) BDBT–TCNB co-crystals. Gold, blue, yellow, and white spheres represent carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and hydrogen atoms, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IGMH diagrams for (a) dimer 1, (b) dimer 2, (c) dimer 3, and (d) dimer 4. The orange lines are interaction paths, and the red spheres are bond critical points.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Electrostatic potential overlay diagrams for (a) dimer 1, (b) dimer 2, (c) dimer 3, and (d) dimer 4.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) The electron density and energy density at the BCPs. (b) The total interaction energy of dimers and their components.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) The one-photon absorption spectrum and (b) the two-photon absorption spectrum of the BTC.
Figure 6
Figure 6
CDDs and TDMs of (a,b) S2, (c,d) S4, (e,f) S6, and (g,h) S7 in one-photon absorption. The red and blue isosurfaces represent the electrons and holes, respectively.
Figure 7
Figure 7
CDDs and TDMs of (a,b) S4→S5, (c,d) S0→S4, (e,f) S7→S8, and (g,h) S0→S7 in two-photon absorption. The red and blue isosurfaces represent the electrons and holes, respectively.
Figure 8
Figure 8
CDDs and TDMs of (a,b) S2→S7, (c,d) S0→S2, (e,f) S6→S7, and (g,h) S0→S6 in two-photon absorption. The red and blue isosurfaces represent the electrons and holes, respectively.
Figure 9
Figure 9
CDDs and TDMs of (a,b) S6→S10, (c,d) S0→S6, (e,f) S9→S10, and (g,h) S0→S9 in two-photon absorption. The red and blue isosurfaces represent the electrons and holes, respectively.
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