Clinical and microbial effects of cloth, cellulose core, and cellulose core/absorbent gel diapers in atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inherited cutaneous inflammatory condition which may affect 10% of infants. Persons with this diathesis are more susceptible to irritants and to superficial infections. Little is known about diaper rash and diapering materials in AD. In this study we set firm criteria to identify a large group of infants with AD for comparison with a nonatopic, normal control group in terms of severity of diaper dermatitis; relationship of diaper dermatitis to diaper materials; and influence of modifying factors (bacterial and candidal colonization/infection, diarrhea, antibiotics, other illnesses, food allergy or intolerance). Babies with eczema were recruited and, from a group of 2,443 respondents, 87 satisfied carefully defined criteria for atopic dermatitis. A similarly sized (90) control group matched for age, sex, and weight was selected for absence of features of atopy or familial atopic history. Infants were assigned into balanced subgroups wearing cloth diapers, conventional cellulose diapers, or diapers containing cellulose and absorbent gelling material (AGM). Assessment of grading for atopic parameters showed statistically significant differences between the AD and normal groups at every visit. Mean diaper rash grades, as assessed by the same physicians at each visit, were significantly higher in the AD group wearing cloth diapers compared with those in AGM subgroups at five of eight visits. There was significant correlation between AD severity and diaper rash scores overall and in the AD cloth group, but not in other subgroups. Quantitative total bacterial plate counts were significantly lower in AGM than cloth diaper areas on three of eight sampling periods in the AD group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)