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. 2022 Aug 26;14(1):122.
doi: 10.1186/s13098-022-00895-w.

The association between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and ABC (hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) control parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mohaddeseh Rezaei  1 , Soghra Rabizadeh  2 , Maryam Mirahmad  1 , Minoo Sadat Hajmiri  3 , Manouchehr Nakhjavani  2 , Mahboobeh Hemmatabadi  4   5 , Nooshin Shirzad  6   7
Affiliations

The association between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and ABC (hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) control parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mohaddeseh Rezaei et al. Diabetol Metab Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: Diabetes-induced chronic hyperglycemia results in the formation and aggregation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are products of non-enzymatic glycosylation of lipids or proteins. The development of diabetic complications can be accelerated by AGEs. In the current study, we aimed to explore the relationship between AGEs levels and ABC goals of diabetes control (A: Hemoglobin A1C < 7.0%, B: Blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, and C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL] < 100 mg/dL).

Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 293 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the individuals were collected. AGEs levels were measured using quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally, the association of AGEs levels with patients' characteristics and ABC goals was assessed.

Results: Higher serum AGEs concentration was detected in older age, smoking patients and those with higher diastolic blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, lower body mass index (BMI) and retinopathy. Moreover, the T2D patients who achieved higher numbers of ABC goals of diabetes were younger age (P-value = 0.003), with lower hemoglobin A1C (P-value = 0.001), fasting blood sugar (P-value = 0.002) diastolic blood pressure (P-value = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P-value = 0.001), cholesterol (P-value = 0.001), LDL (P-value = 0.001), and AGEs (P-value = 0.023) levels. Diabetic patients with AGEs levels above 73.9% were about 2.2 times more likely to achieve none of ABC treatment goals (95% CI 1.107-3.616).

Conclusion: Our results revealed the relationship between AGEs and ABC goal achievement, and microvascular diabetic complications, and imply that AGEs measurement may be valuable in the monitoring of diabetic patients' complications and treatment adjustment.

Keywords: ABC goals; Advanced glycation end-products; Diabetes mellitus; Disease management; Glycemic control; Type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Segmentation of AGEs into four quartiles and comparing it with diabetic patients who: A have not reached any of ABC goals, B have reached one of the ABC goals, C have reached a couple of ABC goals, and D have reached all of the ABC goals
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The performance of AGEs levels as a predictor of achieving ABC treatments goals
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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