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. 2022 Sep:82:463-468.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.06.012. Epub 2022 Jul 2.

Increased unintentional drowning deaths in 2020 by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and location, United States

Briana Moreland  1 , Neil Ortmann  2 , Tessa Clemens  3
Affiliations

Increased unintentional drowning deaths in 2020 by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and location, United States

Briana Moreland et al. J Safety Res. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, one study in Australia showed an increase in drowning deaths in certain settings, while a study in China showed a decrease in drowning deaths. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drowning deaths in the United States is unknown.

Objective: To report on unintentional drowning deaths among U.S. persons aged ≤29 years by demographic characteristics and compare 2020 fatal drowning rates with rates from 2010 to 2019.

Methods: Data from CDC WONDER were analyzed to calculate unintentional drowning death rates among persons aged ≤29 years by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and location of drowning. These rates were compared to drowning death rates for the previous 10 years (2010-2019).

Results: In 2020, 1.26 per 100,000 persons aged ≤29 years died from unintentional drowning, a 16.79% increase from 2019. Drowning death rates decreased 1.81% per year on average (95% CI: -3.02%, -0.59%) from 2010 to 2019. The largest increases in unintentional drowning deaths from 2019 to 2020 occurred among young adults aged 20 to 24 years (44.12%), Black or African American persons (23.73%), and males (19.55%). The location with the largest increase in drowning was natural water (26.44%).

Conclusion: Drowning death rates among persons aged ≤29 years significantly increased from 2019 to 2020. Further research is needed to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drowning and identify how drowning prevention strategies can be adapted and strengthened.

Practical applications: Drowning remains a leading cause of injury death among persons aged ≤29 years. However, drowning is preventable. Interventions such as learning basic swimming and water safety skills, and consistent use of lifejackets on boats and among weaker swimmers in natural water, have the potential to reduce drowning deaths. Developing strategies that ensure equitable access to these interventions may prevent future drowning.

Keywords: COVID-19; Children; Disparities; Drowning; Young adults.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Rates of unintentional drowning deaths per 100,000 persons ≤29 years overall and by sex, National Vital Statistics System, United States 2010–2020.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Rates of unintentional drowning deaths per 100,000 persons ≤29 years by age group, National Vital Statistics System, United States 2010–2020.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Rates of unintentional drowning deaths per 100,000 persons ≤29 years by race/ethnicity, National Vital Statistics System, United States 2010–2020.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Rates of unintentional drowning deaths per 100,000 persons ≤29 years by location, National Vital Statistics System, United States 2010–2020.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022). CDC WONDER. Accessed April 26, 2022. https://wonder.cdc.gov/.
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