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Review
. 2022 Aug 11:12:945102.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.945102. eCollection 2022.

Current treatments for non-small cell lung cancer

Qianqian Guo  1 , Liwei Liu  2 , Zelong Chen  3 , Yannan Fan  1 , Yang Zhou  4 , Ziqiao Yuan  5 , Wenzhou Zhang  1
Affiliations
Review

Current treatments for non-small cell lung cancer

Qianqian Guo et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Despite improved methods of diagnosis and the development of different treatments, mortality from lung cancer remains surprisingly high. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the large majority of lung cancer cases. Therefore, it is important to review current methods of diagnosis and treatments of NSCLC in the clinic and preclinic. In this review, we describe, as a guide for clinicians, current diagnostic methods and therapies (such as chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy) for NSCLC.

Keywords: NSCLC; antiangiogenic therapy; chemoradiotherapy; chemotherapy; diagnosis; immunotherapy; targeted therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The main causes and symptoms of lung cancer, as well as methods of diagnosis and therapies. The causes of lung cancer include smoking, radon, genetics, and demographic characteristics. The symptoms of lung cancer including hemoptysis, coughing, chest pain, and wheezing. Therapies include chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy. Diagnostic methods include computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Oncogene mutations in NSCLC patients. Various oncogene mutations are found in NSCLC patients: 10%–30% of NSCLC patients exhibit EGFR mutations, 1%–2% have RET rearrangements, 5% have a MET mutation, 5%–6% have an ALK rearrangement, 2%–4% have a HER2 mutation, 4% have a BRAF mutation, 1%–2% have ROS1 rearrangements, 13% have the KRAS p.G12C mutation, and 1% have NTRK gene fusions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Targets and compounds in the treatment of NSCLC. Therapies in use are chemotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and immunotherapy. Targets in chemotherapy include DNA damage and apoptosis. Targets in targeted therapy are EGFR, RET, MET, ALK, HER2, BRAF, ROS1, KRAS, and NTRK. Targets in antiangiogenic therapy are VEGF and VEGFR2. Targets in immunotherapy are CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. The corresponding drugs or compounds are listed on the right.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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