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. 2022 Jun 27;10(1):e51.
doi: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1605. eCollection 2022.

Premature Coronary Artery Disease and Plasma Levels of Interleukins; a Systematic Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohammad Haji Aghajani  1   2 , Amirmohammad Toloui  3 , Koohyar Ahmadzadeh  3 , Arian Madani Neishaboori  3 , Mahmoud Yousefifard  4   3
Affiliations

Premature Coronary Artery Disease and Plasma Levels of Interleukins; a Systematic Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohammad Haji Aghajani et al. Arch Acad Emerg Med. .

Abstract

Introduction: Interleukins (ILs) can act as a predictive indicator of Premature Coronary Artery Disease (pCAD) and may be useful in screening of high-risk patients. However, there is no consensus on the relationship of serum levels of ILs and pCAD, yet. As a result, this study has been conducted in order to review the literature on the relationship between serum levels of different ILs and pCAD.

Methods: Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched until December 7th 2020. Two reviewers independently screened and summarized eligible articles. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the relationship of ILs and pCAD.

Results: 12 case-control articles were included. IL-6 plasma changes do happen in pCAD patients with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.12-0.90; p=0.010) compared with the control group. This difference was also observed when evaluating the plasma levels of IL-1 and IL-17, with an SMD of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.11-1.73; p<0.001) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.14-1.04; p=0.011), respectively. Meanwhile, no significant difference existed in plasma levels of IL-10 (SMD=0.26; 95% CI: -0.17-0.70; p=0.236), and IL-18 (SMD=1.44; 95% CI: -0.19-3.07; p=0.083) between pCAD patients and those in the control group.

Conclusion: Low level of evidence showed that there may be a significant relationship between increased plasma levels of ILs and the occurrence of pCAD. As a result, prospective cohort studies with serial assessments of serum ILs during follow up period, focusing on controlling classical risk factors of pCAD and increase in level of ILs, should be conducted.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Coronary artery disease; Prognosis; cardiovascular disease; interleukins.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the present meta-analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
Funnel plot for the analysis of publication bias regarding the correlation between the occurrence of premature coronary artery disease and the changes in the plasma level of interleukins (ILs). No publication bias was observed for IL-6 (p=0.440), IL-10 (p=0.960) and IL-18 (p=0.181)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot for the assessment of the changes in the plasma levels of interleukins (ILs) in premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) patients compared with that of the control group. SMD: Standardized mean difference; CI: Confidence interval
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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