COVID-19 Health Precautions: Identifying Demographic and Socio-Economic Disparities and Changes over Time
- PMID: 36039312
- PMCID: PMC9395127
- DOI: 10.3138/cpp.2020-138
COVID-19 Health Precautions: Identifying Demographic and Socio-Economic Disparities and Changes over Time
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has required the adoption of precautionary health behaviours to reduce the risk of infection. This study examines adherence, as well as changes in adherence, to four key precautionary behaviours among Canadian adults: wearing face masks, social distancing, hand washing, and avoiding large crowds. Data are drawn from Series 3 and 4 of the nationally representative Canadian Perspectives Survey Series, administered by Statistics Canada in June and July 2020. We calculate overall adherence levels as well as changes over time. Logistic regression models estimate each behaviour as a function of demographic and socio-economic characteristics to identify adherence disparities across population segments. We find a nearly universal increase in precautionary behaviours from June to July in mask wearing (67.3 percent to 83.6 percent), social distancing (82.4 percent to 89.2 percent), and avoiding crowds (84.1 percent to 88.9 percent); no significant change occurred in the frequency of hand washing. We observe significant disparities in adherence to precautionary behaviours, especially for mask wearing, in June; female, older, immigrant, urban, and highly educated adults were significantly more likely to adhere to precautionary behaviours than male, younger, Canadian-born, rural, and low-educated adults. By July 2020, these disparities persisted or were slightly attenuated; women, however, had consistently higher adherence to all behaviours at both time points. These findings have substantial implications for policy and potential public health interventions.
La pandémie de COVID-19 (la maladie à coronavirus 2019) a exigé l’adoption de comportements préventifs en matière de santé afin de réduire les risques d’infection. La présente étude est consacrée à l’examen de l’adhésion, ainsi que de son évolution, à quatre comportements préventifs principaux chez les Canadiens adultes : le port de masques antiprojections, la distanciation physique, le lavage des mains et l’évitement des foules. Les données étudiées sont tirées des enquêtes 3 et 4 de la série d’enquêtes sur les perspectives canadiennes, réalisée par Statistique Canada en juin et juillet 2020. Nous calculons les niveaux globaux d’adhésion ainsi que l’évolution de cette adhésion dans le temps. Des modèles de régression logistique permettent d’estimer chaque comportement en fonction des caractéristiques démographiques et socio-économiques, et de cerner ainsi les disparités d’adhésion dans différents segments de population. Nous observons une augmentation quasi universelle des comportements préventifs de juin à juillet pour ce qui est du port du masque (67,3 pour cent à 83,6 pour cent), de la distanciation physique (82,4 pour cent à 89,2 pour cent) et de l’évitement des foules (84,1 pour cent à 88,9 pour cent) ; aucun changement significatif ne se manifeste dans la fréquence du lavage des mains. Nous observons également d’importantes disparités d’adhésion aux comportements préventifs, en particulier pour ce qui est du port du masque, en juin ; les femmes, les aînés, les immigrants, les citadins et les adultes très scolarisés sont sensiblement plus enclins à adhérer aux comportements préventifs que les hommes, les plus jeunes, les Canadiens de naissance, les résidents des régions rurales et les adultes peu scolarisés. En juillet 2020, ces disparités persistent ou s’atténuent légèrement ; les femmes, toutefois, affichent uniformément une plus grande adhésion à tous les comportements préventifs aux deux moments. Ces observations ont d’importantes conséquences pour la politique et les interventions potentielles en santé publique.
Keywords: COVID-19; Canada; adults; disparities; health; precautions.
© Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de politiques.
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