Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

Iliyan Ivanov¹, Premika S W Boedhoe², Yoshinari Abe³, Pino Alonso⁴, Stephanie H Ameis⁵, Paul D Arnold⁶, Srinivas Balachander⁷, Justin T Baker⁸, Nerisa Banaj⁹, Nuria Bargalló¹⁰, Marcelo C Batistuzzo¹¹, Francesco Benedetti¹², Jan C Beucke¹³, Irene Bollettini¹⁴, Silvia Brem¹⁵, Brian P Brennan⁸, Jan Buitelaar¹⁶, Rosa Calvo¹⁷, Yuqi Cheng¹⁸, Kang Ik K Cho¹⁹, Sara Dallaspezia¹⁴, Damiaan Denys²⁰, Juliana B Diniz²¹, Benjamin A Ely²², Jamie D Feusner²³, Sónia Ferreira²⁴, Kate D Fitzgerald²⁵, Martine Fontaine²⁶, Patricia Gruner²⁷, Gregory L Hanna²⁵, Yoshiyuki Hirano²⁸, Marcelo Q Hoexter²¹, Chaim Huyser²⁹, Keisuke Ikari³⁰, Anthony James³¹, Fern Jaspers-Fayer³², Hongyan Jiang¹⁸, Norbert Kathmann³³, Christian Kaufmann³³, Minah Kim³⁴, Kathrin Koch³⁵, Jun Soo Kwon³⁶, Luisa Lázaro¹⁷, Yanni Liu²⁵, Christine Lochner³⁷, Rachel Marsh²⁶, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín⁴, David Mataix-Cols³⁸, José M Menchón⁴, Luciano Minuzzi³⁹, Astrid Morer¹⁷, Pedro Morgado²⁴, Akiko Nakagawa²⁸, Takashi Nakamae³, Tomohiro Nakao³⁰, Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy⁷, Erika L Nurmi⁴⁰, Sanghoon Oh⁴¹, Chris Perriello⁴², John C Piacentini⁴⁰, Maria Picó-Pérez²⁴, Fabrizio Piras⁹, Federica Piras⁹, Y C Janardhan Reddy⁷, Daniela Rodriguez Manrique³⁵, Yuki Sakai⁴³, Eiji Shimizu²⁸, H Blair Simpson²⁶, Noam Soreni⁴⁴, Carles Soriano-Mas⁴⁵, Gianfranco Spalletta⁴⁶, Emily R Stern⁴⁷, Michael C Stevens⁴⁸, S Evelyn Stewart³², Philip R Szeszko¹, David F Tolin⁴⁸, Daan van Rooij¹⁶, Dick J Veltman²⁰, Ysbrand D van der Werf², Guido A van Wingen²⁰, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian⁷, Susanne Walitza¹⁵, Zhen Wang⁴⁹, Anri Watanabe³, Lidewij H Wolters²⁰, Xiufeng Xu¹⁸, Je-Yeon Yun³⁴, Mojtaba Zarei⁵⁰, Fengrui Zhang⁵¹, Qing Zhao⁴⁹, Neda Jahanshad⁵², Sophia I Thomopoulos⁵², Paul M Thompson⁵², Dan J Stein⁵³, Odile A van den Heuvel², Joseph O'Neill⁴⁰; ENIGMA-OCD Working Group

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

ENIGMA-OCD Working Group:
Sara Poletti⁵⁴, Egill Axfjord Fridgeirsson⁵⁵, Toshikazu Ikuta⁵⁶, Stella J de Wit⁵⁷, Chris Vriend⁵⁷, Selina Kasprzak⁵⁷, Masaru Kuno²⁸, Jumpei Takahashi²⁸, Euripedes C Miguel⁵⁸, Roseli G Shavitt⁵⁸, Morgan Hough⁵⁹, Jose C Pariente⁶⁰, Ana E Ortiz⁶¹, Sara Bertolín⁶², Eva Real⁶³, Cinto Segalàs⁶³, Pedro Silva Moreira⁶⁴, Nuno Sousa⁶⁵, Jin Narumoto⁶⁶, Kei Yamada⁶⁷, Jinsong Tang⁶⁸, Jean-Paul Fouche⁶⁹, Taekwan Kim⁷⁰, Sunah Choi⁷¹, Minji Ha⁷¹, Sunghyun Park⁷²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
² Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵ The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
⁶ The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
⁷ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
⁸ McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
⁹ Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Image Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹¹ Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
¹² Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴ Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
¹⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁶ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
¹⁷ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
²⁰ Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
²¹ Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
²² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
²³ Division of Neurosciences & Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
²⁴ Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal.
²⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
²⁶ Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
²⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
²⁸ Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
²⁹ Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
³⁰ Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
³² Britsh Columbia Children's Hospital, BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
³³ Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁵ Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
³⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁷ SAMRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
³⁸ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
³⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁴⁰ Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
⁴² University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
⁴³ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratiry Group, Kyoto, Japan.
⁴⁴ Pediatric OCD Consultation Service, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, Offord Center of Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁴⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona- UB, Barcelona,Spain.
⁴⁶ Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁸ Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁴⁹ Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
⁵⁰ Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
⁵¹ Magnetic Resonance Image Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
⁵² Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁵³ SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵⁴ Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
⁵⁵ Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵⁶ Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi, MS, USA.
⁵⁷ Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵⁸ Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
⁵⁹ Highfield Unit Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
⁶⁰ Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
⁶¹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Spain.
⁶² Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶³ Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶⁴ Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
⁶⁵ Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Braga, Portugal.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
⁶⁷ Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
⁶⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
⁶⁹ SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁷⁰ Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
⁷¹ Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
⁷² Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

PMID: 36041582
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.084

Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

Iliyan Ivanov et al. J Affect Disord. 2022.

. 2022 Dec 1:318:204-216.

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.084. Epub 2022 Aug 27.

Authors

Collaborators

ENIGMA-OCD Working Group:
Sara Poletti⁵⁴, Egill Axfjord Fridgeirsson⁵⁵, Toshikazu Ikuta⁵⁶, Stella J de Wit⁵⁷, Chris Vriend⁵⁷, Selina Kasprzak⁵⁷, Masaru Kuno²⁸, Jumpei Takahashi²⁸, Euripedes C Miguel⁵⁸, Roseli G Shavitt⁵⁸, Morgan Hough⁵⁹, Jose C Pariente⁶⁰, Ana E Ortiz⁶¹, Sara Bertolín⁶², Eva Real⁶³, Cinto Segalàs⁶³, Pedro Silva Moreira⁶⁴, Nuno Sousa⁶⁵, Jin Narumoto⁶⁶, Kei Yamada⁶⁷, Jinsong Tang⁶⁸, Jean-Paul Fouche⁶⁹, Taekwan Kim⁷⁰, Sunah Choi⁷¹, Minji Ha⁷¹, Sunghyun Park⁷²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
² Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵ The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
⁶ The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
⁷ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
⁸ McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
⁹ Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Image Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹¹ Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
¹² Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴ Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
¹⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁶ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
¹⁷ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
²⁰ Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
²¹ Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
²² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
²³ Division of Neurosciences & Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
²⁴ Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal.
²⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
²⁶ Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
²⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
²⁸ Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
²⁹ Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
³⁰ Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
³² Britsh Columbia Children's Hospital, BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
³³ Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁵ Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
³⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁷ SAMRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
³⁸ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
³⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁴⁰ Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
⁴² University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
⁴³ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratiry Group, Kyoto, Japan.
⁴⁴ Pediatric OCD Consultation Service, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, Offord Center of Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁴⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona- UB, Barcelona,Spain.
⁴⁶ Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁸ Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁴⁹ Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
⁵⁰ Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
⁵¹ Magnetic Resonance Image Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
⁵² Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁵³ SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵⁴ Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
⁵⁵ Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵⁶ Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi, MS, USA.
⁵⁷ Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵⁸ Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
⁵⁹ Highfield Unit Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
⁶⁰ Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
⁶¹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Spain.
⁶² Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶³ Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶⁴ Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
⁶⁵ Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Braga, Portugal.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
⁶⁷ Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
⁶⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
⁶⁹ SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁷⁰ Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
⁷¹ Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
⁷² Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

PMID: 36041582
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.084

Abstract

Background: Widely used psychotropic medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may change the volumes of subcortical brain structures, and differently in children vs. adults. We measured subcortical volumes cross-sectionally in patients finely stratified for age taking various common classes of OCD drugs.

Methods: The ENIGMA-OCD consortium sample (1081 medicated/1159 unmedicated OCD patients and 2057 healthy controls aged 6-65) was divided into six successive 6-10-year age-groups. Individual structural MRIs were parcellated automatically using FreeSurfer into 8 regions-of-interest (ROIs). ROI volumes were compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and controls, and between patients taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), tricyclics (TCs), antipsychotics (APs), or benzodiazepines (BZs) and unmedicated patients.

Results: Compared to unmedicated patients, volumes of accumbens, caudate, and/or putamen were lower in children aged 6-13 and adults aged 50-65 with OCD taking SRIs (Cohen's d = -0.24 to -0.74). Volumes of putamen, pallidum (d = 0.18-0.40), and ventricles (d = 0.31-0.66) were greater in patients aged 20-29 receiving APs. Hippocampal volumes were smaller in patients aged 20 and older taking TCs and/or BZs (d = -0.27 to -1.31).

Conclusions: Results suggest that TCs and BZs could potentially aggravate hippocampal atrophy of normal aging in older adults with OCD, whereas SRIs may reduce striatal volumes in young children and older adults. Similar to patients with psychotic disorders, OCD patients aged 20-29 may experience subcortical nuclear and ventricular hypertrophy in relation to APs. Although cross-sectional, present results suggest that commonly prescribed agents exert macroscopic effects on subcortical nuclei of unknown relation to therapeutic response.

Keywords: Age; Benzodiazepines; OCD; Psychotropics; SRIs; Subcortical volumes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Dr. Arnold reported holding the Alberta Innovates Translational Health Chair in Child and Youth Mental Health outside the submitted work. Prof. Mataix-Cols receives royalties for contributing articles to UpToDate, Wolters Kluwer Health and fees from Elsevier for editorial tasks (all unrelated to the submitted work). Dr. Narayanaswamy reported Government of India grants DST INSPIRE faculty grant IFA12-LSBM-26 and BT/06/IYBA/2012 outside the submitted work. Dr. Reddy reported Government of India grants SR/S0/HS/0016/2011 and BT/PR13334/Med/30/259/2009 outside the submitted work. Dr. Venkatasubramanian reported Wellcome-DBT India Alliance grant 500236/Z/11/Z outside the submitted work. Dr. Simpson reported Biohaven Research support for a clinical trial and royalties from UpToDate, Inc. and Cambridge University Press outside the submitted work. Dr. Soreni reported support from Lundbeck-IIT outside the submitted work. Dr. Walitza has received in the last 3 years royalties from Thieme Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, Springer, Beltz; Her work was supported in the last 3 years by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), diff. EU FP7s, HSM Hochspezialisierte Medizin of the Kanton Zurich, Switzerland, Bfarm Germany, ZInEP, Hartmann Müller Stiftung, Olga Mayenfisch, Gertrud Thalmann Fonds (all unrelated to the submitted work). Dr. Thompson has received a research grant from Biogen, Inc., unrelated to the topic of this paper.

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Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

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Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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