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Review
. 2022 Jul 27;14(7):e27330.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.27330. eCollection 2022 Jul.

A Review of the Etiology and Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer: All You Need To Know

Sattam A Halaseh  1 , Shahed Halaseh  2 , Yaman Alali  3 , Mohannad E Ashour  4 , Mohammad J Alharayzah  5
Affiliations
Review

A Review of the Etiology and Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer: All You Need To Know

Sattam A Halaseh et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Bladder cancer is any tumor that originates in the urinary bladder. It is the most prevalent tumor of the urinary system, with urothelial carcinoma being the most prevalent histologic subtype. It impacts both men and women. The development of bladder cancer was influenced by several risk factors, including advanced age, male sex, cigarette smoking, and occupational and environmental toxin exposure. Bladder tumors may manifest as gross or microscopic hematuria, which is assessed using cystoscopy, urine analysis, and other specialized tests. Due to the large number of cases related to environmental causes, bladder cancer is an appropriate target for public health preventative interventions. Cessation of smoking, adequate occupational safety procedures, diet, weight loss, and schistosomiasis prevention may mitigate the rising global incidence.

Keywords: bladder ca; etiology; smoking tobacco; urinary bladder ca; urothelial cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Bladder cancer incidence rates by region and gender in 2020.
Source: reference [1].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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