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Multicenter Study
. 2023 Jan 15;152(2):203-213.
doi: 10.1002/ijc.34244. Epub 2022 Aug 31.

Opium use and risk of lung cancer: A multicenter case-control study in Iran

Hamideh Rashidian  1 , Maryam Hadji  1   2 , Mahin Gholipour  3 , Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami  4 , Maryam Marzban  5   6 , Elham Mohebbi  1   7 , Roya Safari-Faramani  8 , Mahdieh Bakhshi  9 , Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi  1   10 , Bayan Hosseini  1   11 , Reza Alizadeh-Navaei  12 , Habib Emami  13 , Ali Akbar Haghdoost  14   15 , Abbas Rezaianzadeh  16 , Abdolvahab Moradi  3 , Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam  9 , Azim Nejatizadeh  17 , Soodabeh ShahidSales  18 , Alireza Rezvani  19 , Mohammad Hasan Larizadeh  20 , Farid Najafi  8   21 , Hossein Poustchi  22 , Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi  1 , Paul Brennan  11 , Elisabete Weiderpass  11 , Joachim Schüz  11 , Eero Pukkala  2   23 , Neal D Freedman  24 , Paolo Boffetta  10   25 , Reza Malekzadeh  22   26 , Arash Etemadi  24   26 , Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar  27 , Farin Kamangar  28 , Kazem Zendehdel  1   29
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Opium use and risk of lung cancer: A multicenter case-control study in Iran

Hamideh Rashidian et al. Int J Cancer. .

Abstract

Opium use was recently classified as a human carcinogen for lung cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We conducted a large, multicenter case-control study evaluating the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. We recruited 627 cases and 3477 controls from May 2017 to July 2020. We used unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and measured the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. The ORs were adjusted for the residential place, age, gender, socioeconomic status, cigarettes, and water pipe smoking. We found a 3.6-fold risk of lung cancer for regular opium users compared to never users (95% CI: 2.9, 4.6). There was a strong dose-response association between a cumulative count of opium use and lung cancer risk. The OR for regular opium use was higher for small cell carcinoma than in other histology (8.3, 95% CI: 4.8, 14.4). The OR of developing lung cancer among opium users was higher in females (7.4, 95% CI: 3.8, 14.5) than in males (3.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2). The OR for users of both opium and tobacco was 13.4 (95% CI: 10.2, 17.7) compared to nonusers of anything. The risk of developing lung cancer is higher in regular opium users, and these results strengthen the conclusions on the carcinogenicity of opium. The association is stronger for small cell carcinoma cases than in other histology.

Keywords: Iran; adenocarcinoma; lung cancer; opiate; opium; small cell; squamous cell.

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References

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