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. 2022 Dec 15;91(5):460-468.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003082.

Unhealthy Alcohol Use Is Associated With Suboptimal Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Persons With HIV in Southwestern Uganda

Winnie R Muyindike  1   2 , Robin Fatch  3 , Debbie M Cheng  4 , Nneka I Emenyonu  3 , Leah Forman  4 , Christine Ngabirano  1 , Julian Adong  1 , Benjamin Linas  5 , Karen R Jacobson  5 , Judith A Hahn  3
Affiliations

Unhealthy Alcohol Use Is Associated With Suboptimal Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Persons With HIV in Southwestern Uganda

Winnie R Muyindike et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is associated with increased progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease, but its effect on adherence to isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy is not known.

Methods: This was a prospective study of persons with HIV with latent TB in southwestern Uganda reporting any current (previous 3 months) alcohol use or no alcohol consumption in the previous year (2:1 ratio). All received INH. We defined suboptimal adherence as <90% of days with at least 1 Medication Event Monitoring System cap opening, over the previous 90 days. Alcohol use was categorized as follows: none: no self-report and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) <8 ng/mL; moderate: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) 1-2 (women) or 1-3 (men) and/or PEth 8 ≥ 50 ng/mL; and unhealthy: AUDIT-C ≥3 (women) or ≥4 (men) and/or PEth ≥50 ng/mL. We used generalized estimating equation logistic regression analyses to assess the association between the level of alcohol use and suboptimal INH adherence.

Results: Three hundred two persons were enrolled; 279 were on INH for 3 or more months. The prevalence of suboptimal INH adherence was 31.3% at 3 months and 43.9% at 6 months. The odds of suboptimal INH adherence were higher for unhealthy (adjusted odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.62 to 4.76) and moderate (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.94 to 2.71) compared with no alcohol consumption.

Conclusions: Suboptimal adherence to INH at 3 and 6 months was high among prospective study of persons with HIV and associated with unhealthy alcohol use. Adherence support and alcohol reduction strategies are needed for this group at high risk for active TB.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03302299.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

References

    1. WHO. Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2020. In:2020.
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    1. Avert. HIV and AIDS in Uganda. Available at: https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/... Updated 15 April 2020.
    1. WHO/UNAIDS:. Policy Statement on Preventive Therapy Against Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV.WHO/TB/98.255 Geneva: WHO; 2005. 2005.
    1. WHO. Latent tuberculosis infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management. Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization;2018. - PubMed

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