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Review
. 2022 Sep 15;387(11):1011-1020.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2206573. Epub 2022 Aug 31.

Covid-19 Vaccines - Immunity, Variants, Boosters

Affiliations
Review

Covid-19 Vaccines - Immunity, Variants, Boosters

Dan H Barouch. N Engl J Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Immune Responses for Protection against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Humoral and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Plus signs denote the relative importance of antibodies and T cells for protection in each category of disease severity, with more plus signs indicating greater importance.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Global Covid-19 Vaccination Rates.
Shown is the percentage of fully vaccinated persons by country as of July 8, 2022. Data are from the New York Times (www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html).
Figure 3
Figure 3. SARS-CoV-2 Variants over Time.
Panel A shows global and weekly average case counts and frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 variants over time, and Panel B shows regional frequencies. The data are based on Pango lineage designations of sequences shared through the global collection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and made available through the GISAID database from March 1, 2020, to July 8, 2022 (www.gisaid.org). Data are from Bette Korber and James Theiler at Los Alamos National Laboratories (https://cov.lanl.gov/content/index).
Figure 4
Figure 4. Protective Efficacy of Covid-19 Vaccines in the United States.
Covid-19 breakthrough rates (no. of cases per 100,000 vaccinated persons) are shown from April 4, 2021, to May 21, 2022, for persons who received the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Ad26.COV2.S vaccines in the United States. Data are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#rates-by-vaccine-status).

References

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Supplementary concepts