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Review
. 2022 Aug 22:2022:8741787.
doi: 10.1155/2022/8741787. eCollection 2022.

Polyphenols Targeting Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Future Vision

Fahadul Islam  1 , Sristy Bepary  1 , Mohamed H Nafady  2 , Md Rezaul Islam  1 , Talha Bin Emran  3 , Sharifa Sultana  1 , Md Amdadul Huq  4 , Saikat Mitra  5 , Hitesh Chopra  6 , Rohit Sharma  7 , Sherouk Hussein Sweilam  8   9 , Mayeen Uddin Khandaker  10 , Abubakr M Idris  11   12
Affiliations
Review

Polyphenols Targeting Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Future Vision

Fahadul Islam et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. .

Abstract

A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is deteriorated or traumatized, leading to motor and sensory functions lost even totally or partially. An imbalance within the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense levels results in oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation. After SCI, OS and occurring pathways of inflammations are significant strenuous drivers of cross-linked dysregulated pathways. It emphasizes the significance of multitarget therapy in combating SCI consequences. Polyphenols, which are secondary metabolites originating from plants, have the promise to be used as alternative therapeutic agents to treat SCI. Secondary metabolites have activity on neuroinflammatory, neuronal OS, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways during the early stages of SCI. Experimental and clinical investigations have noted the possible importance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in moderating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators and axonal regeneration's extrinsic pathways after the SCI probable significance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in mediating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators. Furthermore, combining polyphenols could be a way to lessen the effects of SCI.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors proclaim that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The stages of picking data for inclusion in the existing research are illustrated in a flow chart; n = number of literature reports.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pathophysiology of SCI: spinal cord injury. ROS: reactive oxygen species; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; and NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SCI can be facilitated by oxidative stress. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Action mechanism illustration of polyphenols blocking spinal cord injury. LPO: lactoperoxidase; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor kaa-B; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; MDA: malondialdehyde; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; PARP1: poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical configurations of some efficient chemical complexes as opposed to spinal cord injury.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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