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. 2022 Aug 26:14:2535-2544.
doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S326173. eCollection 2022.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters and D-Dimer: New Prognostic Parameters for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Shaobo Duan  1 , Ye Zhang  1 , Shuang Xu  1 , Pei Jiang  1 , Qinghua Qi  2
Affiliations

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters and D-Dimer: New Prognostic Parameters for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Shaobo Duan et al. Cancer Manag Res. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the predictive role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) plus D-dimer levels in the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods: CEUS was applied to assess lymph nodes in 186 patients with confirmed DLBCL. The clinical data and laboratory indicators were collected from these patients, and a retrospective analysis was conducted on the relationship between the quantitative parameters of CEUS (TTP, PI, AUC, WOT), D-dimer levels, and clinical features of the DLBCL patients. The Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses for the risk factors associated with the prognosis.

Results: There was an increase of D-dimer levels in advanced DLBCL patients, who were combined with a significant reduction in TTP and WOT and a significant increase in PI and AUC. D-dimer levels and quantitative parameters of CEUS were strongly correlated with the Ann Arbor, B symptoms, International Prognostic Index (IPI), LDH and CRP levels. The results of the Cox regression model indicated that D-dimer levels, TTP and PI, the quantitative parameters of CEUS, were important prognostic factors for DLBCL.

Conclusion: CEUS results and D-dimer levels can be used as independent prognostic factors for DLBCL.

Keywords: D-dimer; contrast-enhanced ultrasonography; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CEUS examination results of cervical lymph nodes in DLBCL patients. Several hypoechoic nodules can be seen on both sides of the neck, with clear boundaries, capsules, and abnormal ratio of cortex to medulla. The larger one on the left and the right is located in the V area, and the size is 21*19mm/19*9mm. CDFI Shows blood flow signals in the bilateral hypoechoic nodules of the neck. CEUS examination result suggests multiple lymph nodes on both sides of the neck.
Figure 2
Figure 2
D-dimer levels and quantitative parameters of CEUS in 186 patients in different clinical stages. *P<0.05, as compared with the early stage.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of D-dimer levels and intensity of enhancement in CEUS on the prognosis of DLBCL patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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