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. 2023 Feb;130(2):179-186.
doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.08.027. Epub 2022 Aug 31.

Vaccine-Associated Uveitis after COVID-19 Vaccination: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Database Analysis

Rohan Bir Singh  1 , Uday Pratap Singh Parmar  2 , Francesca Kahale  3 , Aniruddha Agarwal  4 , Edmund Tsui  5
Affiliations

Vaccine-Associated Uveitis after COVID-19 Vaccination: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Database Analysis

Rohan Bir Singh et al. Ophthalmology. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the risk of vaccine-associated uveitis (VAU) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and evaluate uveitis onset interval and clinical presentations in the patients.

Design: A retrospective study from December 11, 2020, to May 9, 2022, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.

Participants: Patients diagnosed with VAU after administration of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, Pfizer Inc/BioNTech SE), mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Moderna Therapeutics Inc), and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen, Janssen Pharmaceuticals) vaccine worldwide.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of the demographics, clinical history, and presentation was performed. We evaluated the correlation among the 3 vaccines and continuous and categorical variables. A post hoc analysis was performed between uveitis onset interval after vaccination and age, dose, and vaccine type. Finally, a 30-day risk analysis for VAU onset postvaccination was performed.

Main outcome measures: The estimated global crude reporting rate, observed to expected ratio of VAU in the United States, associated ocular and systemic presentations, and onset duration.

Results: A total of 1094 cases of VAU were reported from 40 countries with an estimated crude reporting rate (per million doses) of 0.57, 0.44, and 0.35 for BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S, respectively. The observed to expected ratio of VAU was comparable for BNT162b2 (0.023), mRNA-1273 (0.025), and Ad26.COV2.S (0.027). Most cases of VAU were reported in patients who received BNT162b2 (n = 853, 77.97%). The mean age of patients with VAU was 46.24 ± 16.93 years, and 68.65% (n = 751) were women. Most cases were reported after the first dose (n = 452, 41.32%) and within the first week (n = 591, 54.02%) of the vaccination. The onset interval for VAU was significantly longer in patients who received mRNA-1273 (21.22 ± 42.74 days) compared with BNT162b2 (11.42 ± 23.16 days) and rAd26.COV2.S (12.69 ± 16.02 days) vaccines (P < 0.0001). The post hoc analysis revealed a significantly shorter interval of onset for the BNT162b2 compared with the mRNA 1273 vaccine (P < 0.0001). The 30-day risk analysis showed a significant difference among the 3 vaccines (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The low crude reporting rate and observed to expected ratio suggest a low safety concern for VAU. This study provides insights into a possible temporal association between reported VAU events and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines; however, further investigations are required to delineate the associated immunological mechanisms.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; Uveitis; VAERS; Vaccine adverse events; Vaccine-associated uveitis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan–Meier risk analysis showed a higher risk of VAU with BNT16b2 compared with mRNA-1273 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. VAU = vaccine-associated uveitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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