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Review
. 2022 Apr 5;21(1):e123949.
doi: 10.5812/ijpr.123949. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Genus Symphytum L.: A Review

Elaheh Mahmoudzadeh  1   2 , Hossein Nazemiyeh  2   3 , Sanaz Hamedeyazdan  2   4
Affiliations
Review

Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Genus Symphytum L.: A Review

Elaheh Mahmoudzadeh et al. Iran J Pharm Res. .

Abstract

The Symphytum genus has been mainly used in traditional medicine, containing its anti-inflammatory activity. Symphytum spp.'s active components, such as allantoin, polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, can act on several intentions in the signaling pathway, constrain pro-inflammatory enzymes, reducing the construction of inflammatory chemokine's and cytokines, and decreasing oxidative stress, which afterward suppresses inflammation procedures. Preclinical and clinical trials have reported the prevailing anti-inflammatory effect of several Symphytum species. This review presents an overview of the anti-inflammatory activities of different products and bioactive constituents in this genus. The papers with the English language were gathered from 2000 to 2021. This review may provide a scientific base for establishing innovative and alternative techniques for isolating a single individual from this genus to attenuate inflammatory disorders. The Symphytum genus is waiting for researchers to develop safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents for additional investigation of other different mechanisms of action.

Keywords: Arthritis; Boraginacea; Comfrey; Inflammation; Rheumatoid; Wound Healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Inflammation and wound healing process
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. The chemical structures of the important phytochemicals used in the treatment of inflammation
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Anti-inflammatory components pharmacodynamics figure
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Chemical structure of two important compounds of Pas
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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