Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Apr 5;21(1):e123949.
doi: 10.5812/ijpr.123949. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Genus Symphytum L.: A Review

Elaheh Mahmoudzadeh  1   2 , Hossein Nazemiyeh  2   3 , Sanaz Hamedeyazdan  2   4
Affiliations
Review

Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Genus Symphytum L.: A Review

Elaheh Mahmoudzadeh et al. Iran J Pharm Res. .

Abstract

The Symphytum genus has been mainly used in traditional medicine, containing its anti-inflammatory activity. Symphytum spp.'s active components, such as allantoin, polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, can act on several intentions in the signaling pathway, constrain pro-inflammatory enzymes, reducing the construction of inflammatory chemokine's and cytokines, and decreasing oxidative stress, which afterward suppresses inflammation procedures. Preclinical and clinical trials have reported the prevailing anti-inflammatory effect of several Symphytum species. This review presents an overview of the anti-inflammatory activities of different products and bioactive constituents in this genus. The papers with the English language were gathered from 2000 to 2021. This review may provide a scientific base for establishing innovative and alternative techniques for isolating a single individual from this genus to attenuate inflammatory disorders. The Symphytum genus is waiting for researchers to develop safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents for additional investigation of other different mechanisms of action.

Keywords: Arthritis; Boraginacea; Comfrey; Inflammation; Rheumatoid; Wound Healing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Inflammation and wound healing process
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. The chemical structures of the important phytochemicals used in the treatment of inflammation
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Anti-inflammatory components pharmacodynamics figure
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Chemical structure of two important compounds of Pas
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002;420(6917):853–9. doi: 10.1038/nature01321. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Scotti F, Decani S, Sardella A, Iriti M, Varoni EM, Lodi G. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of an essential oils-based bioadhesive gel after oral mucosa biopsies: preliminary results. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2018;64(8):78–83. - PubMed
    1. Pok LSL, Shabaruddin FH, Dahlui M, Sockalingam S, Mohamed Said MS, Rosman A, et al. Clinical and economic implications of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in Asian rheumatological patients on long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;21(5):943–51. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13256. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hamedeyazdan S, Fathiazad F, Sharifi S, Nazemiyeh H. Antiproliferative activity of Marrubium persicum extract in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(11):5843–8. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5843. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Smith DB, Jacobson BH. Effect of a blend of comfrey root extract (Symphytum officinale L.) and tannic acid creams in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multiclinical trials. J Chiropr Med. 2011;10(3):147–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2011.01.003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources