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Multicenter Study
. 2022 Dec 15;91(5):479-484.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003085.

Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of a Cohort of HIV-Infected Mother-Infant Pairs During 21 Years

Marta Illán Ramos  1   2 , Luis Manuel Prieto Tato  3 , Sara Guillén Martín  2   4 , Mᵃ Luisa Navarro Gómez  2   5 , Luis Escosa García  6 , Miguel Ángel Roa Francia  7 , José Beceiro Mosquera  8 , Iciar Olabarrieta Arnal  9 , Eloy Muñoz Gálligo  10 , Mᵃ Carmen Viñuela Benéitez  11 , Francisco Javier Regidor Sáez  12 , Diana Mazariegos Orellana  1 , Manuel Fuentes Ferrer  11 , Arantxa Berzosa Sánchez  1   2 , Ignacio Callejas Caballero  4 , José Tomás Ramos Amador  1   2   13   14 ; Madrid Cohort of HIV-Infected Mother-Infant Pairs
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of a Cohort of HIV-Infected Mother-Infant Pairs During 21 Years

Marta Illán Ramos et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: HIV infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. After the introduction of effective preventive measures, perinatal transmission dramatically decreased. Our aim was to assess the sociodemographic changes in pregnant women living with HIV infection and trends in perinatal transmission rates over time.

Setting: The Madrid cohort of HIV-infected mother-infant pairs is a multicenter, prospective, observational, and cohort study that collects information on HIV-infected pregnant women and their children.

Methods: Information on clinical-epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women until delivery and their children from 9 public hospitals was included. Data were collected from a standardized questionnaire from medical records. The results were classified in 3 periods: period 1 (P1) 2000-2006, period 2 (P2) 2007-2013, and period 3 (P3) 2014-2020.

Results: A total of 1521 women living with HIV and 1548 newborns were included. In P1, most mothers (75.8%) were Spanish, whereas in P2 and P3 there was a predominance of foreign origin [62.8% and 70.5% respectively ( P < 0.01)]. The percentage of women with antiretroviral treatment before pregnancy increased significantly in P3 ( P < 0.01). The proportion of Caesarean sections decreased over time ( P < 0.01): 66.2% (n = 472) in P1, 54.9% (n = 245) in P2, and 46.7% (n = 141) in P3. The percentage of preterm and low birth weight newborns showed a statistically significant decrease. Even though there were no statistically significant differences ( P = 0.154), a decrease in cases of perinatal infection was observed (1.6% in P1, 1.3% in P2 and 0.3% in P3).

Conclusions: The epidemiologic characteristics of pregnant women with HIV infection have changed over time in our setting, with an increase of non-Caucasian, heterosexual, and perinatally infected mothers. Although there are still perinatal infections, especially in vulnerable populations such as immigrant women, transmission rate has markedly decreased in recent years and is still of major concern. Prevention measures should be reinforced in the most socially disadvantaged groups.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

References

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