Sequence homology between phospholipase and its inhibitor in snake venom. The primary structure of phospholipase A2 of vipoxin from the venom of the Bulgarian viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes, Serpentes)

Abstract

The amino-acid sequence of phospholipase A2 from the neurotoxin vipoxin of the Bulgarian Viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes, Serpentes) is presented. The enzyme consists of 122 amino-acid residues including 7 disulfide bonds and thus belongs to phospholipases A2 group IIA. The sequence was determined by automatic Edman degradation of the intact chain and of the peptides obtained after tryptic hydrolysis of the oxidized chain. The short cleavage time of 30 min and another limited tryptic digestion of the oxidized and citraconylated chain provided overlapping peptides. Sequencing was done with liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. The complete alignment of all peptides was facilitated by the high degree of homology with known viperid venom phospholipases A2. In common with mammalian phospholipases, the tryptophan residue in position 30 (essential for enzymatic activity) as well as the histidine in position 47 in the active site are present. Vipoxin phospholipase A2 shows 53.3% homology with another phospholipase A2 from Vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom (Ammodytoxin B), whereas 62% homology was found between both subunits of vipoxin phospholipase A2 and its inhibitor. This high degree of identity can be accounted for in terms of a common origin by gene duplication.