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. 2022 Sep 7;189(10):374.
doi: 10.1007/s00604-022-05463-7.

A chemiresistive biosensor for detection of cancer biomarker in biological fluids using CVD-grown bilayer graphene

Mani Govindasamy  1 , Chen-Rong Jian  1 , Chang-Fu Kuo  2 , Ao-Ho Hsieh  2 , Jao-Liang Sie  1 , Chi-Hsien Huang  3   4   5
Affiliations

A chemiresistive biosensor for detection of cancer biomarker in biological fluids using CVD-grown bilayer graphene

Mani Govindasamy et al. Mikrochim Acta. .

Abstract

A chemiresistive biosensor is described for simple and selective detection of miRNA-21. We developed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and low-damage plasma treatment (LDPT)-treated bilayer graphene composite of graphene oxide/graphene (GO/GR) for the determination of a reliable biomarker. We have successfully overcome the self-limiting growth mechanism by using CVD method to grow more than one layer of graphene on copper foil. In addition, LDPT can be used to form GO/GR structures for chemiresistive biosensor applications. Due to the direct formation of BLGR (bilayer graphene), the coupling between graphene layers is theoretically superior to that of stacked BLGR, which is also confirmed by the blue shift of the characteristic peak of graphene in Raman spectroscopy. The shift is about double compared with that of stacked BLGR. Based on the results, the limit of detection for the target miRNA-21 was calculated to be 5.20 fM and detection rage is calculated as 100 fM to 10 nM, which is obviously better performance. Compared with previous work, this chemiresistive biosensor has good selectivity, and stability towards detection of miRNA-21. The ability to detect miRNA-21 in different biological fluids was almost identical to that in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Thus, the proposed bilayer GO/GR of modified chemiresistive biosensor may potentially be applied to detect cancer cells in clinical examinations.

Keywords: Bilayer graphene nanocomposite; Chemical vapor deposition; Chemiresistive biosensors; Detection of cancer cells; miRNA-21 determination.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Scheme 1.
Scheme 1.
Schematic diagram of CVD grown BLGR based on chemiresistive biosensors
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A Raman spectrum of BLGR prepared under different process conditions and B Calibration plot between UV–Vis transmittance and different methane ratios. C OM images of 10%, D 20%, and E 40% methane and F Raman spectra of different methane ratios
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
TEM (A–C) and AFM (D–F) analysis of BLGR
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A and A’ Raman spectra of graphene obtained different preparation methods. B Raman analysis of BLGR and surface modified BLGR. C Raman spectra based on optimization of radio-frequency power and plasma modification time
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
A–F Are the overlay of XPS spectra at C1s with different plasma parameters
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
A Trend diagram of resistance change rate with different concentrations of miRNA-21 hybridization. B Selectivity analysis of miRNA-21 sensing elements. C Real sample analysis in HAS and D stability analysis of probe/GO/GR
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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