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. 2022 Nov 1;157(11):1034-1041.
doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.4118.

Association of Residual Ductal Carcinoma In Situ With Breast Cancer Recurrence in the Neoadjuvant I-SPY2 Trial

Marie Osdoit  1 , Christina Yau  1 , W Fraser Symmans  2 , Judy C Boughey  3 , Cheryl A Ewing  1 , Ron Balassanian  4 , Yunn-Yi Chen  4 , Gregor Krings  4 , Anne M Wallace  5 , Somaye Zare  6 , Oluwole Fadare  6 , Rachael Lancaster  7 , Shi Wei  8 , Constantine V Godellas  9 , Ping Tang  10 , Todd M Tuttle  11 , Molly Klein  12 , Sunati Sahoo  13 , Tina J Hieken  3 , Jodi M Carter  14 , Beiyun Chen  14 , Gretchen Ahrendt  15 , Julia Tchou  16 , Michael Feldman  17 , Eleni Tousimis  18 , Jay Zeck  19 , Nora Jaskowiak  20 , Husain Sattar  21 , Arpana M Naik  22 , Marie Catherine Lee  23 , Marilin Rosa  24 , Laila Khazai  24 , Mara H Rendi  25 , Julie E Lang  26 , Janice Lu  27 , Ossama Tawfik  28 , Smita M Asare  29 , Laura J Esserman  1 , Rita A Mukhtar  1
Affiliations

Association of Residual Ductal Carcinoma In Situ With Breast Cancer Recurrence in the Neoadjuvant I-SPY2 Trial

Marie Osdoit et al. JAMA Surg. .

Abstract

Importance: Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer strongly correlates with overall survival and has become the standard end point in neoadjuvant trials. However, there is controversy regarding whether the definition of pCR should exclude or permit the presence of residual ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Objective: To examine the association of residual DCIS in surgical specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer with survival end points to inform standards for the assessment of pathologic complete response.

Design, setting, and participants: The study team analyzed the association of residual DCIS after NAC with 3-year event-free survival (EFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and local-regional recurrence (LRR) in the I-SPY2 trial, an adaptive neoadjuvant platform trial for patients with breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. This is a retrospective analysis of clinical specimens and data from the ongoing I-SPY2 adaptive platform trial of novel therapeutics on a background of standard of care for early breast cancer. I-SPY2 participants are adult women diagnosed with stage II/III breast cancer at high risk of recurrence.

Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive taxane and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant therapy with or without 1 of 10 investigational agents, followed by definitive surgery.

Main outcomes and measures: The presence of DCIS and EFS, DRFS, and LRR.

Results: The study team identified 933 I-SPY2 participants (aged 24 to 77 years) with complete pathology and follow-up data. Median follow-up time was 3.9 years; 337 participants (36%) had no residual invasive disease (residual cancer burden 0, or pCR). Of the 337 participants with pCR, 70 (21%) had residual DCIS, which varied significantly by tumor-receptor subtype; residual DCIS was present in 8.5% of triple negative tumors, 15.6% of hormone-receptor positive tumors, and 36.6% of ERBB2-positive tumors. Among those participants with pCR, there was no significant difference in EFS, DRFS, or LRR based on presence or absence of residual DCIS.

Conclusions and relevance: The analysis supports the definition of pCR as the absence of invasive disease after NAC regardless of the presence or absence of DCIS.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01042379.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Yau reported grants from National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute and Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative, and nonfinancial support from Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative for San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium registration and travel reimbursement during the conduct of the study. Dr Symmans reported founder shares from Delphi Diagnostics and grants from Pfizer for the pathology review for the NEOTALA trial outside the submitted work. In addition, Dr Symmans had a patent for a method of calculating residual cancer burden after neoadjuvant chemotherapy licensed to Delphi Diagnostics that is not related to this study but is indirectly relevant to the field of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Dr Boughey reported grants from Quantum Leap funding for conduct of the clinical trial paid to their institution during the conduct of the study, grants from Eli Lilly research funding paid to their institution for clinical trial, fees from Cairns Surgical support for data and safety monitoring board time, and grants from SymBioSis to their institution, outside the submitted work. Dr Balassanian reported consultant fees from Genentech for patient education videos on reading pathology reports, outside the submitted work. Dr B. Chen reported grants from the Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative during the conduct of the study. Dr Rosa reported personal fees from Roche and AztraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Dr Lu reported compensation fees from Ambrx, outside the submitted work. Dr Esserman is on the board of directors and reported grants from Quantum Leap Healthcare, which provides financial support for the I-SPY TRIAL and grants from Merck during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. CONSORT Diagram
DCIS indicates ductal carcinoma in situ.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Kaplan-Meier Curves Showing Survival Outcomes at Median 3-Year Follow-up Time by Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) Status With or Without Residual Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
There were no significant differences within pathologic complete response or nonpathologic complete response groups by presence of residual DCIS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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