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Review
. 2022 Aug 25;23(17):9626.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23179626.

The Role of Blood-Derived Factors in Protection and Regeneration of Aged Tissues

Anna L Höving  1   2 , Kazuko E Schmidt  1   2 , Barbara Kaltschmidt  3 , Christian Kaltschmidt  2 , Cornelius Knabbe  1
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Blood-Derived Factors in Protection and Regeneration of Aged Tissues

Anna L Höving et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Tissue regeneration substantially relies on the functionality of tissue-resident endogenous adult stem cell populations. However, during aging, a progressive decline in organ function and regenerative capacities impedes endogenous repair processes. Especially the adult human heart is considered as an organ with generally low regenerative capacities. Interestingly, beneficial effects of systemic factors carried by young blood have been described in diverse organs including the heart, brain and skeletal muscle of the murine system. Thus, the interest in young blood or blood components as potential therapeutic agents to target age-associated malignancies led to a wide range of preclinical and clinical research. However, the translation of promising results from the murine to the human system remains difficult. Likewise, the establishment of adequate cellular models could help to study the effects of human blood plasma on the regeneration of human tissues and particularly the heart. Facing this challenge, this review describes the current knowledge of blood plasma-mediated protection and regeneration of aging tissues. The current status of preclinical and clinical research examining blood borne factors that act in stem cell-based tissue maintenance and regeneration is summarized. Further, examples of cellular model systems for a more detailed examination of selected regulatory pathways are presented.

Keywords: adult cardiac stem cells; blood serum; stem cell viability; tissue protection; tissue regeneration; young blood.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview about previously isolated and expanded cardiac stem and progenitor populations from the adult human heart. Marker profiles as well as differentiation capacities are depicted. See Refs. [14,22,23,24,25,26,29,30].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of the currently known blood-derived factors with age-dependent serum levels and impact on various age-associated malignancies. (A) Factors enriched in blood samples from young individuals but declining with age. (B) Factors with low abundancy in young individuals but with increasing levels with age.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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