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. 2022 Aug 26;23(17):9717.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23179717.

Characteristics of Seed Vigor in Rice Varieties with Different Globulin Accumulations

Liling Peng  1 , Hulun Lu  1 , Jiajin Chen  1 , Ziyan Wu  1 , Zitong Xiao  1 , Xindong Qing  1 , Jintao Song  1 , Zhoufei Wang  1 , Jia Zhao  1
Affiliations

Characteristics of Seed Vigor in Rice Varieties with Different Globulin Accumulations

Liling Peng et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Seed vigor of rice is an important trait for direct seeding. The objective of this study was to reveal the relationship between globulin and seed vigor, and then to explore a method for evaluating seed vigor. Several rice varieties with different levels of 52 kDa globulin accumulation were used to compare seed vigor under normal and aged conditions. Results showed that varieties with high globulin accumulation obtained significantly higher seed vigor, measured by germination percentage and germination index, compared with those varieties with low globulin accumulation under normal and aged conditions. Meanwhile, a significantly higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in the early germinating seeds of varieties with high globulin accumulation compared to those varieties with low globulin accumulation under normal and aged conditions. Collectively, the globulin content could be applied in the evaluation of seed vigor, which contributes to the selection of rice varieties for direct seeding.

Keywords: direct seeding; globulin protein; reactive oxygen species; rice; seed vigor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of protein content among varieties. (A) 52 kDa globulin accumulation. (B) The quantified 52 kDa globulin accumulation by using ImageJ. (C) Total protein content. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. ** indicates the significant difference at the 1% level according to Student’s t-test. n.s. represents not significant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of seed vigor among varieties under normal conditions. (A) Representative images of the seed germination in Petri dishes. (B) Images of seedling establishment from direct seeding in soils. Bar = 10 mm. (C) Two-day germination percentage; (D) Germination index; (E) Five-day seedling percentage. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. ** indicates a significant difference at the 1% level according to Student’s t-test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of seed vigor among varieties under aged conditions. (A) Representative images of the seed germination in Petri dishes. (B) Images of the seedling establishment in direct seeding in soils. Bar = 10 mm. (C) Four-day germination percentage; (D) Germination index; (E) Five-day seedling percentage. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. ** indicates a significant difference at the 1% level according to Student’s t-test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of ROS levels among varieties during seed germination under normal conditions. (A) NBT staining analyzed the O2− accumulation; (B) DAB staining analyzed the H2O2 accumulation; (C) H2O2 content of dry seed; (D) H2O2 content of imbibition seeds (24 h) at 25 ± 1 °C in the darkness. Bar = 1 mm. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. ** indicates the significant difference at the 1% level according to Student’s t-test.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of the ROS level among varieties during seed germination under aged conditions. (A) NBT staining analyzed the O2− accumulation; (B) DAB staining analyzed the H2O2 accumulation; (C) H2O2 content of dry seed; (D) H2O2 content of imbibition seeds (48 h) at 25 ± 1 °C in the darkness. Bar = 1 mm. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. ** indicates a significant difference at the 1% level according to Student’s t-test.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of H2O2 treatments on seed vigor among varieties under normal conditions. (A) Representative images of seed germination in Petri dishes. Bar = 10 mm. (B) Two-day germination percentage; (C) Germination index; (D) Five-day seedling percentage. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. * and ** indicate the significant difference compared to normal conditions at 5% and 1% levels, respectively, according to Student’s t-test. n.s. represents not significant.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effects of H2O2 treatments on seed vigor among varieties under aged conditions. (A) Representative images of the seed germination in Petri dishes. Bar = 10 mm. (B) Two-day germination percentage; (C) Germination index, (D) Five-day seedling percentage. AA means artificial aging. Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. * and ** indicate the significant difference compared to normal conditions at 5% and 1% levels, respectively, according to Student’s t-test. n.s. represents not significant.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Evaluation of seed vigor using the detection of globulin content in popularly cultivated varieties. (A) 52 kDa globulin content. (B) The quantification of 52 kDa globulin accumulation by using ImageJ. (C) Representative images of the seed germination in Petri dishes under normal and aged conditions. (D) Images of seedling establishment by direct seeding in soils. Bar = 10 mm. (E) Two-day germination percentage, (F) Germination index, and (G) Five-day seedling percentage under normal conditions (CK). (H) Four-day germination percentage, (I) Germination index, and (J) Six-day seedling percentage under artificially aged conditions (AA). Each column represents the means ± SD, n = 3. * and ** indicate the significant difference compared to normal conditions at 5% and 1% levels, respectively, according to Student’s t-test. n.s. represents not significant.
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