Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Aug 31;12(17):2253.
doi: 10.3390/ani12172253.

Can Chromoendoscopy Improve the Early Diagnosis of Gastric Carcinoma in Dogs?

Marcus Vinicius Candido  1 , Pernilla Syrjä  2 , Susanne Kilpinen  1 , Søren Meisner  3 , Mohsen Hanifeh  1 , Thomas Spillmann  1
Affiliations

Can Chromoendoscopy Improve the Early Diagnosis of Gastric Carcinoma in Dogs?

Marcus Vinicius Candido et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Chromoendoscopy has improved the early diagnosis of gastric cancer in humans but its usefulness in dogs is unknown. This study aimed at assessing whether adding narrow band imaging (NBI) or indigo carmine (IC) chromoendoscopy (CE) can improve the diagnostic yield of standard white light endoscopy (WLE). We compared the real-time findings of canine WLE, NBI-CE, and IC-CE and corresponding histology reports with endoscopic mucosal pattern assessment templates used in human medicine. Belgian Shepherd dogs are predisposed to gastric carcinoma. Therefore, 30 dogs of this breed served as the study population. According to histology, 17/30 dogs had mucosal changes (mucous metaplasia, glandular dysplasia, and gastric carcinoma). Diagnostic yield was best when targeted biopsies were taken with WLE and NBI-CE combined (15/17 cases). WLE alone positively identified only 8/17 cases and missed a gastric carcinoma in 3/6 cases. CE assessment templates based on macroscopic mucosal patterns, broadly used in human medicine, were not readily applicable in dogs. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that using CE in dogs has the potential to improve the diagnosis of precancerous gastric mucosal pathology and early gastric carcinoma. However, current image assessment templates from human medicine need major adjustments to the patterns of canine gastric mucosa.

Keywords: cancer; chromoendoscopy; dog; endoscopy; gastric carcinoma; glandular dysplasia; indigo carmine; mucous metaplasia; narrow band imaging.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. SM was, during the study period, employed by Olympus Europa SE & Co. KG as an external consultant, but the study was not sponsored by the enterprise. SM also worked as a consultant in gastrointestinal endoscopy for Ambu A/S and SATC CENTER, House of Research, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, as well as Coloplast A/S, where he also acted as a primary investigator in research and development of clinical studies, having received personal payments.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic map of the stomach showing standard biopsy sites (red dots) used for non-targeted gastric mucosal sampling (modified from Simone et al. [17]). A: antrum; B: gastric body; G: greater curvature; L: lesser curvature; P: pylorus; I: incisura angularis (angular fold); C: cardia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sample images of the same focal change in Dog 6, as seen at regular white light endoscopy (WLE), narrow band imaging chromoendoscopy (NBI-CE) and indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (IC-CE). Histology revealed mucous metaplasia and glandular dysplasia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hugen S., Thomas R.E., German A.J., Burgener I.A., Mandigers P.J.J. Gastric carcinoma in canines and humans, a review. Vet. Comp. Oncol. 2017;15:692–705. doi: 10.1111/vco.12249. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Saito T., Nibe K., Chambers J.K., Uneyama M., Nakashima K., Ohno K., Tsujimoto H., Uchida K., Nakayama H. A histopathological study on spontaneous gastrointestinal epithelial tumors in dogs. J. Toxicol. Pathol. 2020;33:105–113. doi: 10.1293/tox.2019-0076. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abrams B., Wavreille V.A., Husbands B.D., Matz B.M., Massari F., Liptak J.M., Cray M.T., de Mello Souza C.H., Wustefeld-Janssens B.G., Oblak M.L., et al. Perioperative complications and outcome after surgery for treatment of gastric carcinoma in dogs: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study of 40 cases (2004–2018) Vet. Surg. 2019;48:923–932. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13239. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Spillmann T., Candido M. Stomach. In: Hall E.J., Williams D.A., Kathrani A., editors. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology. 3rd ed. BSAVA; Gloucester, UK: 2020. pp. 117–197.
    1. Coda S., Thillainayagam A.V. State of the art in advanced endoscopic imaging for the detection and evaluation of dysplasia and early cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol. 2014;7:133–150. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S58157. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources