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. 2022 Aug 31;11(17):2278.
doi: 10.3390/plants11172278.

Anthracnose Disease Control and Postharvest Quality of Hass Avocado Stored in Biobased PLA/PBAT/Pine Essential Oil/Chitosan Active Packaging Nets

Zormy N Correa-Pacheco  1 , Rosa I Ventura-Aguilar  2 , Leonor Zavaleta-Avejar  3 , Laura L Barrera-Necha  1 , Mónica Hernández-López  1 , Silvia Bautista-Baños  1
Affiliations

Anthracnose Disease Control and Postharvest Quality of Hass Avocado Stored in Biobased PLA/PBAT/Pine Essential Oil/Chitosan Active Packaging Nets

Zormy N Correa-Pacheco et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

For sale in the domestic market, Hass avocados are kept in non-biodegradable plastic nets and stored at an ambient temperature. The fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides can cause important losses at this stage. Consequently, formulations based on polylactic acid (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) 60/40 biodegradable blends added with pine essential oil (PEO) at 10, 12, 14, and 20% and coated with 1% chitosan (CH) were used for the elaboration of nets, which were evaluated on C. gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer on nutrient media and fruit and on the ripening behavior of Hass avocados at ambient temperature. The spore germination stage of C. gloeosporioides was the most extensively damaged (78% inhibition). The incidence of anthracnose was notably reduced by almost 80% in the avocados stored in the 60/40 PLA/PBAT nets coated with 1% CH. The overall values regarding weight loss, °Brix, and dry matter were c.a. 23.5%, 7.5, and 24.5%, respectively. The changes in firmness, color, and CO2 production were particularly associated with the initial harvest index and storage temperature rather than with the nets. In future research, essays on nets should include evaluations at the commercial levels.

Keywords: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Persea americana L.; Rhizopus stolonifer; fruit quality; ripening.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Conidial germination of (a) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and (b) Rhizopus stolonifer incubated in the presence of nets manufactured with 60/40 PLA/PPBAT + PEO at different concentrations and 1% chitosan for 10 h at 20 °C. Bars indicate the standard error of the mean. (See Table 4 for treatments description).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Disease incidence (a) and severity index (b) of Hass avocado stored in nets manufactured with 60/40 PLA/PPBAT + PEO at different concentrations + 1% chitosan for nine days at ambient temperature. a, b, c Different letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05; Tukey test) among treatments. Bars indicate the standard error of the mean. The severity index 2 = 1–25% of the fruit surface being rotten. Control treatments in unbagged avocados in nets: C1 = non-inoculated and C2 = inoculated fruit. In inoculated and bagged avocados in nets: T2 = 60/40 PLA/PBAT, T4 = 60/40 PLA/PBAT + 12% PEO, T5 = 60/40 PLA/PBAT + 1% CH, and T8 = 60/40 PLA/PBAT + 20% PEO + 1% CH.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Petri plates containing PDA nutrient agar and net-based PLA/PBA/pine essential oil/chitosan.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Avocado fruit bagged in net-based 60/40 PLA/PBA/pine essential oil at different concentrations + 1% chitosan and stored at 25 ± 2 °C for nine days.
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