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. 2022 Aug 24;14(17):3448.
doi: 10.3390/polym14173448.

Embossing Lines and Dots Geometry Effect on the Key Tissue Paper Properties with Finite Element Method Analysis

Joana Costa Vieira  1 , António de O Mendes  1 , Marcelo Leite Ribeiro  1   2 , André Costa Vieira  3 , Ana Margarida Carta  4 , Paulo Torrão Fiadeiro  1 , Ana Paula Costa  1
Affiliations

Embossing Lines and Dots Geometry Effect on the Key Tissue Paper Properties with Finite Element Method Analysis

Joana Costa Vieira et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Embossing is a functional and strategic process for creating high-quality multi-sensory tissue-paper products. Embossing modifies the sheet surface by generating hill and/or valley designs, changing the third-dimension z with a compressive die. This research work specifically concerns the impact study of the engraving finishing geometry on the final properties of tissue paper. This work led us to conclude that, even though the sheets individually present a higher hand-feel (HF) value for the straight finishing geometry, the highest softness was obtained in the two-ply prototype for the round finishing geometry. Moreover, this study confirmed that the HF value reduces with the increase of the bulk, being more accentuated for the micropattern. Relevant differences could not be seen in the spreading kinetics of the liquid droplets over time. Thus, the finishing geometry of the 3D plates did not impact the absorption kinetics on these samples. The finite element model allows us to understand the effect of the plate pattern and its finishing geometry on the paper, and the simulation results were in accordance with the experimental results, showing the same trend where patterns with a round finishing geometry marked the tissue-paper sheet more than patterns with a straight finishing did.

Keywords: FEM simulation; dots and lines geometry; embossing prototype; mechanical properties; softness characterization; tissue paper.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of the main performers in the tissue-paper-embossing process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Images of the 3D steel embossing plates with the deco pattern and micropattern, and details of the respective finishing geometries: (a) deco pattern with straight lines, (b) deco pattern with round lines, (c) micropattern with straight dots, and (d) micropattern with round dots.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Finishing geometry and dimensions of the lines and dots engraved in the 3D steel plates: (a) line with a round finishing, (b) dot with a round finishing, (c) line with a straight finishing, and (d) dot with a straight finishing.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Model dimensions, characteristics, and boundary conditions.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results of mechanical characterization and bulk obtained for all the embossed samples and the reference paper, B, for the different finishing geometries of the 3D steel plates.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Global views of the tissue-paper samples engraved with the different considered embossing plates: (a) Bdsl (front side), (b) Bdrl (front side), (c) Bdsl (back side), (d) Bdrl (back side), (e) Bmsd (front side), (f) Bmrd (front side), (g) Bmsd (back side), and (h) Bmrd (back side).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Different views of the 3D maps created for the front and back sides of the tissue-paper sample Bdsl.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Different views of the 3D maps created for the front and back sides of the tissue-paper sample Bdrl.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Different views of the 3D maps created for the front and back sides of the tissue-paper sample Bmsd.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Different views of the 3D maps created for the front and back sides of the tissue-paper sample Bmrd.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Spreading dynamics of a liquid droplet from t = 35.7 ms to 3 s for the tissue-paper sample Bdsl.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Spreading dynamics of a liquid droplet from t = 35.7 ms to 3 s for the tissue-paper sample Bdrl.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Spreading dynamics of a liquid droplet from t = 35.7 ms to 3 s for the tissue-paper sample Bmsd.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Spreading dynamics of a liquid droplet from t = 35.7 ms to 3 s for the tissue-paper sample Bmrd.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Comparative graphs of the spreading dynamics of a liquid droplet for the tissue-paper samples Bdsl (in blue), Bdrl (in red), Bmsd (in green), and Bmrd (in yellow).
Figure 16
Figure 16
Results obtained for handfeel (HF) for all the embossed samples and the reference paper, B, for the different finishing geometries of the 3D steel plates.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Handfeel (HF) behavior as a function of bulk.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Plastic-stress-field finite-element results for deco pattern with round finishing.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Plastic-stress-field finite-element results for deco pattern with straight finishing.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Plastic-stress-field finite-element results for micropattern with round finishing.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Plastic-stress-field finite-element results for micropattern with straight finishing.
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References

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