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. 2023 Jan;71(1):198-205.
doi: 10.1111/jgs.18024. Epub 2022 Sep 9.

Cracks in the foundation: The experience of care aides in long-term care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Heather K Titley  1 , Sandra Young  1 , Amber Savage  1 , Trina Thorne  1 , Jude Spiers  1 , Carole A Estabrooks  1
Affiliations

Cracks in the foundation: The experience of care aides in long-term care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Heather K Titley et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Care aides (certified nursing assistants, personal support workers) are the largest workforce in long-term care (LTC) homes (nursing homes). They provide as much as 90% of direct care to residents. Their health and well-being directly affect both quality of care and quality of life for residents. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of COVID-19 on care aides working in LTC homes during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 52 care aides from 8 LTC homes in Alberta and one in British Columbia, Canada, between January and April 2021. Nursing homes were purposively selected across: (1) ownership model and (2) COVID impact (the rate of COVID infections reported from March to December 2020). Interviews were recorded and analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results: Care aides were mainly female (94%) and older (74% aged 40 years or older). Most spoke English as an additional language (76%), 54% worked full-time in LTC homes, and 37% worked multiple positions before "one worksite policies" were implemented. Two themes emerged from our analysis: (1) Care aides experienced mental and emotional distress from enforcing resident isolation, grief related to resident deaths, fear of contracting and spreading COVID-19, increased workload combined with staffing shortages, and rapidly changing policies. (2) Care aides' resilience was supported by their strong relationships, faith and community, and capacity to maintain positive attitudes.

Conclusions: These findings suggest significant, ongoing adverse effects for care aides in LTC homes from working through the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data demonstrate the considerable strength of this occupational group. Our results emphasize the urgent need to appropriately and meaningfully support care aides' mental health and well-being and adequately resource this workforce. We recommend improved policy guidelines and interventions.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; care aides; long-term care home; long-term care workers; nursing home.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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