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. 2022 Aug;13(4):1832-1841.
doi: 10.21037/jgo-22-733.

Chemoprotective effect of boeravinone B against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced colorectal cancer in rats via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction

Caijin Zhou  1   2 , Wenting Ou  3 , Qingwen Xu  2 , Lin Lin  2 , Feipeng Xu  2 , Rihong Chen  2 , Huilai Miao  1   4
Affiliations

Chemoprotective effect of boeravinone B against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced colorectal cancer in rats via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction

Caijin Zhou et al. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has few or no symptoms and is often diagnosed at its end stage. Boeravinone B (BB) is a natural rotenoid which induces an antioxidative effect and has been used in cancer prevention. In this study, we scrutinized the chemoprotective effect of BB against 1,2dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced CRC in rats.

Methods: Subcutaneous administration of DMH (40 mg/kg) was used for the induction of CRC in rats, followed by oral administration of BB. The body weight, tumor volume, tumor incidence, and total number of tumors were estimated in all rat groups rats except the normal group. Antioxidant parameters, phase I and II enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines and parameters were estimated at the completion of the study.

Results: DMH induced group rats exhibited a tumor incidence of 100% along with several tumors/polyps per tumor‑bearing rat, while BB treatment remarkably suppressed the incidence of tumors and suppressed polyps per tumor bearing rat. BB treatment significantly (P<0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters, phase I and phase II enzymes, and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and treatment significantly (P<0.001) suppressed the level of inflammatory cytokines, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Conclusions: BB treatment considerably suppresses colon cancer via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer (CRC); boeravinone B (BB); inflammation; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-22-733/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of BB on the antioxidant parameters of DMH induced CRC in rats. (A) Catalase; (B) superoxide dismutase; (C) lipid peroxidation; and (D) glutathione. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of BB on the phase I enzymes of DMH induced CRC in rats. (A) Cytochrome P450; (B) cytochrome B5; and (C) glutathione reductase. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of BB on the phase II enzymes of DMH induced CRC in rats. (A) UDP-glucuronyltransferase and (B) glutathione-S-transferase. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of BB on the inflammatory cytokines of DMH induced CRC in rats. (A) TNF-α; (B) IL-1β; (C) IL-6; (D) IL-4; and (E) IL-10. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-β; IL-4, interleukin-4; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of BB on the MPO activity of DMH induced CRC in rats. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B; MPO, myeloperoxidase.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of BB on the inflammatory parameters of DMH induced CRC in rats. (A) COX-2, (B) PGE2, and (C) iNOS. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of BB on the mRNA expression of DMH induced CRC in rats. All data denote mean ± SEM of six animals per group. Data obtained are significantly different from the DMH treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0001). DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; CRC, colorectal cancer; BB, boeravinone B.
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