Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Aug 31:2022:4136811.
doi: 10.1155/2022/4136811. eCollection 2022.

Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences

Vito Anggarino Damay  1 , Setiawan  2 , Ronny Lesmana  2 , M Rizki Akbar  3 , Antonia Anna Lukito  1 , Vita M Tarawan  2 , Januar W Martha  3 , J Nugroho  4
Affiliations
Review

Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences

Vito Anggarino Damay et al. Int J Vasc Med. .

Abstract

Coronary artery diseases (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease (CHD), are the world's leading cause of death. The basis of coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the heart coronary artery lumen due to atherosclerosis. The use of electronic cigarettes has increased significantly over the years. However, harmful effects of electronic cigarettes are still not firm. The aim of this article is to review the impact of electronic cigarette and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from recent studies. The results showed that several chemical compounds, such as nicotine, propylene glycol, particulate matters, heavy metals, and flavorings, in electronic cigarette induce atherosclerosis with each molecular mechanism that lead to atherosclerosis progression by formation of ROS, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Further research is still needed to determine the exact mechanism and provide more clinical evidence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Several factors that affect atherosclerosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical constituents of e-cigarette and their effects on atherosclerosis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanisms by which e-cigarette contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Roth G. A., Huffman M. D., Moran A. E., et al. Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013. Circulation . 2015;132(17):1667–1678. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008720. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Álvarez-Álvarez M. M., Zanetti D., Carreras-Torres R., Moral P., Athanasiadis G. A survey of sub-Saharan gene flow into the Mediterranean at risk loci for coronary artery disease. European Journal of Human Genetics . 2017;25(4):472–476. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.200. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mozaffarian D., Benjamin E. J., Go A. S., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2016;133(4):e38–360. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pusdatin. Situasi Kesehatan Jantung . Kementerian Kesehatan; 2014.
    1. Wright F., Fessele K. Primer in genetics and genomics, article 5-further defining the concepts of genotype and phenotype and exploring genotype-phenotype associations. Biological Research for Nursing . 2017;19(5):576–585. doi: 10.1177/1099800417725190. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources