Association between environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate and serum α-Klotho levels among adults from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (2007-2014)

Abstract

Background & aims: Aging is a pathophysiological process driven by a diverse set of complex biological processes, and environmental pollution plays an important role in this process. This study aimed to explore the association between serum α-Klotho levels and urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels.

Methods: This secondary dataset analysis included 4875 participants (mean age, 57.69 year; male, 49.58%; non-Hispanic White, 47.67%) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify α-Klotho levels, and ion chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to estimate the association between perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels and serum α-Klotho levels.

Results: Urinary thiocyanate levels were negatively associated with α-Klotho levels (β = - 0.006; 95% confidence interval, - 0.010 to - 0.003; P = 0.0004) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate, underlying disease, physical activity, smoking status, usual energy intake, and urinary creatinine and serum cotinine levels and mutual adjustment of urinary perchlorate, urinary nitrate, and urinary thiocyanate levels. The α-Klotho level in participants in the highest quartile was higher by 50.567 ng/mL (β = 50.567; 95% confidence interval, 14.407 to 86.726; P = 0.009) than that in participants in the lowest quartile of urinary perchlorate. A linear relationship was observed between urinary thiocyanate and α-Klotho levels.

Conclusions: Urinary thiocyanate levels were negatively associated with serum α-Klotho levels. Urinary thiocyanate should be further investigated as a potential mediator of aging and age-related diseases.

Keywords: Aging; Environmental exposure; Nitrates; Perchlorates; Thiocyanate; α-Klotho.

Fig. 1

a Scatter curve of the association between urinary thiocyanate levels and serum α-Klotho levels after adjusting for age; sex; body mass index; race; alcohol consumption; and urinary creatinine, perchlorate, and nitrate levels. b Smooth curve of the association between urinary thiocyanate levels and serum α-Klotho levels after adjusting for the aforementioned variables