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. 2022 Nov;33(11):964-970.
doi: 10.5152/tjg.2022.21822.

Healthcare-Related HCV Genotype 4d Infections in Kayseri, Turkey

Selma Gökahmetoğlu  1 , Ceylan Polat  2 , Mustafa Altay Atalay  1 , Gülten Can Sezgin  3 , Gül Ergör  4 , Bilgehan Aygen  5 , Şebnem Gürsoy  6 , Yusuf Hakan Abacıoğlu  7
Affiliations

Healthcare-Related HCV Genotype 4d Infections in Kayseri, Turkey

Selma Gökahmetoğlu et al. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Background: The frequency of genotype 4 hepatitis C virus infection is significantly higher in a city compared to other provinces in Turkey. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection in Kayseri province of Turkey.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 61 hepatitis C virus genotype 4-infected patients and 71 controls. A questionnaire was administered to the patients and controls, asking for information about the risk factors of hepatitis C virus transmission. Core/ E1 and NS5B regions of hepatitis C virus genome were amplified and sequenced by Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock analysis were performed. The risk was determined by calculating the odds ratio and 95% CI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of risk factors by controlling for confounding variables.

Results: Kayseri isolates were closely related to type 4d sequences but formed a separate cluster. According to the molecular clock analysis, hepatitis C virus genotype 4d entered Kayseri province probably between 1941 and 1988. Blood transfusion and surgical intervention were found to be significant risk factors for the infection.

Conclusion: Epidemiological data showed that hepatitis C virus genotype 4d infections are significantly associated with unsafe medical procedures.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(a) The phylogenetic trees of Core/E1 nucleotide sequences from HCV genotype 4d Kayseri isolates in this study. (b) The phylogenetic trees of NS5B nucleotide sequences from HCV genotype 4d Kayseri isolates in this study and Kayman et al 2015.” The trees were constructed using Maximum Likelihood method with the General Time Reversible (GTR) model, Gamma distributed with Invariant sites (G+I) for 1000 replications. Bootstrap values lower than 70 are hidden.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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