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. 2022 Sep;609(7927):485-489.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05123-z. Epub 2022 Sep 14.

Extended Bose-Hubbard model with dipolar excitons

C Lagoin  1 , U Bhattacharya  2 , T Grass  2 , R W Chhajlany  3 , T Salamon  2 , K Baldwin  4 , L Pfeiffer  4 , M Lewenstein  2   5 , M Holzmann  6 , F Dubin  7   8
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Extended Bose-Hubbard model with dipolar excitons

C Lagoin et al. Nature. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

The Hubbard model constitutes one of the most celebrated theoretical frameworks of condensed-matter physics. It describes strongly correlated phases of interacting quantum particles confined in lattice potentials1,2. For bosons, the Hubbard Hamiltonian has been deeply scrutinized for short-range on-site interactions3-6. However, accessing longer-range couplings has remained elusive experimentally7. This marks the frontier towards the extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, which enables insulating ordered phases at fractional lattice fillings8-12. Here we implement this Hamiltonian by confining semiconductor dipolar excitons in an artificial two-dimensional square lattice. Strong dipolar repulsions between nearest-neighbour lattice sites then stabilize an insulating state at half filling. This characteristic feature of the extended Bose-Hubbard model exhibits the signatures theoretically expected for a chequerboard spatial order. Our work thus highlights that dipolar excitons enable controlled implementations of boson-like arrays with strong off-site interactions, in lattices with programmable geometries and more than 100 sites.

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References

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