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. 2022 Aug;12(4):617-626.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Preparation of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 for selective pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples

Shi-Jun Yin  1 , Xi Zhou  1 , Li-Jing Peng  1 , Fang Li  2 , Guo-Can Zheng  2 , Feng-Qing Yang  1 , Yuan-Jia Hu  3
Affiliations

Preparation of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 for selective pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples

Shi-Jun Yin et al. J Pharm Anal. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

An innovative sandwich-structural Fe-based metal-organic framework magnetic material (Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2) was fabricated using a facile solvothermal method. The characteristic properties of the material were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 is associated with advantages, such as robust magnetic properties, high specific surface area, and satisfactory storage stability, as well as good selective recognition ability for chlorogenic acid (CA) and its metabolites via chelation, hydrogen bonding, and π-interaction. The results of the static adsorption experiment indicated that Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 possessed a high adsorption capacity toward CA and its isomers, cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) and neochlorogenic acid (NCA), and the adsorption behaviors were fitted using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Then, a strategy using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) was developed and successfully employed for the selective pre-concentration and rapid identification of CA metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples. This work presents a prospective strategy for the synthesis of magnetic adsorbents and the high-efficiency pretreatment of CA metabolites.

Keywords: Chlorogenic acid; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Metabolic pathway; Metal-organic framework; Sandwich structure.

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Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of (A) MIL-101-NH2, (B and C) Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2, and (D) Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of (E) Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2 and (F) Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2; (G and H) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results of the main elements.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(A) The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and (B) X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Fe3O4, MIL-101-NH2, Fe3O4@MIL-101-NH2 and Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2. (C) Magnetization hysteresis loops of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2. The inset picture is the disperse state of the Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 adsorbent in aqueous solution and under an external magnetic force. (D) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2; inset shows the pore-size distribution of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of (A) the amount of adsorbent, (B) extraction time, (C) extraction temperature, (D) ion strength (KH2PO4–K2HPO4), (E) ion strength (NaCl), (F) pH value (10.0 mM NaOH–HCl), and mixed reference compounds solutions at different pH conditions (inset) on the adsorption percentage. Effects of (G) elution solvent type and (H) elution time on the recovery of analytes using Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 as an adsorbent. CA: chlorogenic acid; CCA: cryptochlorogenic acid; NCA: neochlorogenic acid.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Proposed biotransformation pathways of chlorogenic acid in rat. C0–C12 are the same as those in Table 2.
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