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Review
. 2022 Aug 30:13:970699.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970699. eCollection 2022.

Recent advances of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mesenchymal stem cells

Huarui Cai  1   2 , Zhongze Wang  1   2 , Wenhan Tang  1 , Xiaoxue Ke  1   2 , Erhu Zhao  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mesenchymal stem cells

Huarui Cai et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, metabolism, autophagy, survival and cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, mTOR is made up of three multisubunit complexes, mTOR complex 1, mTOR complex 2, and putative mTOR complex 3. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that mTOR plays important roles in the differentiation and immune responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, mTOR is a vital regulator of pivotal cellular and physiological functions, such as cell metabolism, survival and ageing, where it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases. Therefore, the mTOR signaling may develop a large impact on the treatment of ageing-related diseases with MSCs. In this review, we discuss prospects for future research in this field.

Keywords: ageing-related diseases; differentiation; immune response; mTOR; mesenchymal stem cells; therapeutic target.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Domain structure of three mTOR complexes. PRAS40: A known Akt substrate is a 40 kDa proline-enriched protein; Raptor: Regulation related proteins of mTOR; FKBP-12: a prototype member of the immune affinity protein FKBP (FK506-binding protein) family capable of binding to the immunosuppressive drug FK506 (tacrolimus); mLST8: mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein eight; DEPTOR: it can interact with rictor; Protor: protein observed with rictor; Rictor: rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR; mSIN1: mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein; ETV7: ETS variant transcription factor 7.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Diagram of the regulatory mechanism of mTOR signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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