Does moderate hyperkalemia influence survival in HF? Insights from the MECKI score data base

Abstract

Background: The prognostic role of moderate hyperkalemia in reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients is still controversial. Despite this, it affects the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) with therapy down-titration or discontinuation.

Objectives: Aim of the study was to assess the prognostic impact of moderate hyperkalemia in chronic HFrEF optimally treated patients.

Methods and results: We retrospectively analyzed MECKI (Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes) database, with median follow-up of 4.2 [IQR 1.9-7.5] years. Data on K⁺ levels were available in 7087 cases. Patients with K⁺ plasma level ≥ 5.6 mEq/L and < 4 mEq/L were excluded. Remaining patients were categorized into normal >4 and < 5 mEq/L (n = 4826, 68%) and moderately high ≥5.0 and ≤ 5.5 mEq/L (n = 496, 7%) K⁺. Then patients were matched by propensity score in 484 couplets of patients. MECKI score value was 7% [IQR 3.1-14.1%] and 7.3% [IQR 3.4-15%] (p = 0.678) in patients with normal and moderately high K⁺ values while cardiovascular mortality events at two years follow-up were 41 (4.2%) and 33 (3.4%) (p = 0.333) in each group respectively.

Conclusions: Moderate hyperkalemia does not influence patients' outcome in a large cohort of ambulatory HFrEF patients.

Keywords: Heart failure; Hyperkalemia; Prognosis; Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor.