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. 2022 Sep 17;80(1):209.
doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-00965-5.

Burden and trends of brain and central nervous system cancer from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and country levels

Yang Fan  1 , Xian Zhang  1 , Chao Gao  1 , Shuai Jiang  1 , Haoze Wu  1 , Zhanhui Liu  1 , Taotao Dou  2
Affiliations

Burden and trends of brain and central nervous system cancer from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and country levels

Yang Fan et al. Arch Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Regularly updated epidemiological data on the burden of brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers are important in the prioritization of research and the allocation of resources. This study aimed to investigate incidence, mortality, disability, and trends in brain and CNS cancers between 1990 and 2019.

Methods: Epidemiological data, including the cancer incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years(DALYs), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (per 100,000 population) stratified by region, country, sex, and age group were retrieved and extracted using the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool.

Results: In 2019, there were 347,992(262,084-388,896) global cases of brain and CNS cancers, which showed a significant increase (94.35%) from the period between 1990 to 2019. The global ASIR in 2019 was 4.34 (3.27-4.86) per 100, 000 population, which showed an increasing trend for the years 1990-2019 (13.82% [-27.27-32.83]). In 2019, there were 246,253 (185,642-270,930) global deaths caused by brain and CNS cancers, which showed a significant increase (76.36%) during the study period. The global ASMR in 2019 was 3.05(2.29-3.36) per 100, 000 population, which did not change significantly over the study period (-1.19% [-36.79-13.86]). In 2019, there were 8,659,871 DALYs, which was a 109.04% increase compared with 1990. Similarly, during 1990-2019, the age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 10.39%. Additionally, 76.60% of the incident cases, 72.98% of the deaths, and 65.16% of the DALYs due to brain and CNS cancers occurred in the high-income and upper-middle-income regions.

Conclusions: In conclusion, brain and CNS cancers remain a major public health burden, particularly in high-income regions. The global incidence, deaths, and DALYs of brain and CNS cancers were shown to have increased significantly from 1990 to 2019. The global ASIR kept rising steadily, while the ASMR and age-standardized DALY rate declined over the past three decades.

Keywords: Brain cancer; Central nervous system cancer; Disability-adjusted life years; Incidence; Mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The numbers (A) and age-standardized rates (B) of brain and central nervous system cancer in 21 GBD regions in 2019. Abbreviations: GBD, Global Burden of Disease
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Global map of age-standardized rate (per 100,000 populations) of brain and central nervous system cancer in 2019, by country and territory. A age-standardized incidence rate; B age-standardized mortality rate; C age-standardized DALY rate. Abbreviations: DALY, disability-adjusted life-year
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The ASIR (A), ASMR (B), and age-standardized DALY rate (C) of brain and central nervous system cancer from 1990 to 2019. Abbreviations: ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Trends for the ASIR (A), ASMR (B), and age-standardized DALY rate (C) of brain and central nervous system cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 calculated by Joinpoint regression analyses. Abbreviations: ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Age-standardized rates of brain and central nervous system cancer by sex and age in 2019 worldwide
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Age-standardized incidence rates (A) and age-standardized mortality rates (B) of brain and central nervous system cancer in 204 countries and territories in 2019 by SDI. Abbreviations: SDI, socio-demographic index
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