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. 2021 Apr 27;13(3):389-395.
doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.04.015. eCollection 2021 Jul.

Discovery and identification of quality markers of Sparganii Rhizoma based on zebrafish thrombosis model

Nan Xu  1 , Rong Sun  2 , Yin-Ping Shi  3 , Li-Wen Han  4 , Hai-Yan Shi  3
Affiliations

Discovery and identification of quality markers of Sparganii Rhizoma based on zebrafish thrombosis model

Nan Xu et al. Chin Herb Med. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the quality marker (Q-Markers) of Sparganii Rhizoma against thrombus through an integration of investigations on its antithrombotic effect, content determination and spectrum-effect correlation analysis.

Methods: Based on the concept of Q-Marker, Sparganii Rhizoma was investigated for the identification of chemical component. The pharmacological effects on arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in zebrafish were also investigated. The material basis in ethanol extract was determined by HPLC-UV. Furthermore, the potential Q-Markers were analyzed and predicted according to the effect-chemical correlation analysis. Finally, the anti-thrombotic Q-Markers were verified through the anti-thrombotic test of monomer components.

Results: The model of thrombosis zebrafish was established with larvae exposed to 100 µmol/L arachidonic acid for 1 h. Nine ingredients in Sparganii Rhizoma were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid. According to the determination effect of zebrafish thrombosis model and HPLC content analysis results, all the other contents present positive correlation except 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the P values of three representative potential Q-Markers (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were 0.002, 0.001 and 0.026, respectively.

Conclusion: Sparganii Rhizoma showed a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of reducing cardiac red blood cell on zebrafish model. Three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were proved to possess the anti-thrombotic effects which could be regarded as the potential Q-Markers for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.

Keywords: Q-Marker; Sparganii Rhizoma; anti-thrombotic activity; zebrafish.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Heart red blood cells stained with o-dianisidine in zebrafish model. A: Control group; B: AA group (100 µmol/L); C: Positive drug group (aspirin 45 µg/mL); D: SR group (600 µg/mL).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Heart red blood cells intensity in the zebrafish of control group, model group, positive drug group and SR group. Compared to model group: **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05; Compared to positive drug group: ##P < 0.01, #P < 0.05. n = 10. Control: Control group; Model: AA group (100 µmol/L); Positive: Positive drug group (Aspirin 45 µg/mL); SR group of different concentrations (100–800 µg/mL).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
HPLC chromatogram of SR extract. 1. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; 2. vanillic acid; 3. ferulic acid; 4. p-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 5. p-hydroxybenzoic acid; 6. vanillin; 7. protocatechuic acid; 8. p-coumaric acid; 9. isoferulic acid.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Anti-thrombotic effects of 20 batches of Sparganii Rhizoma.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Distinction of concentration of FA, PA and PCA in accordance with inhibition rate between 20 batches of SR samples.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Heart red blood cells intensity in zebrafish of control, model (AA 100 µmol/L), FA, PA and PCA groups.
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