Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep 2:43:1604796.
doi: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604796. eCollection 2022.

Barriers and Facilitators in Access to Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia Medicines: A Scoping Review

Carla Castillo-Laborde  1 , Macarena Hirmas-Adauy  1 , Isabel Matute  1 , Anita Jasmen  2 , Oscar Urrejola  1 , Xaviera Molina  1 , Camila Awad  1 , Catalina Frey-Moreno  3 , Sofia Pumarino-Lira  3 , Fernando Descalzi-Rojas  3 , Tomás José Ruiz  3 , Barbara Plass  3
Affiliations

Barriers and Facilitators in Access to Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia Medicines: A Scoping Review

Carla Castillo-Laborde et al. Public Health Rev. .

Abstract

Objective: Identify barriers and facilitators in access to medicines for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, considering patient, health provider, and health system perspectives. Methods: Scoping review based on Joanna Briggs methodology. The search considered PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science, SciELO Citation Index, and grey literature. Two researchers conducted screening and eligibility phases. Data were thematically analyzed. Results: The review included 219 documents. Diabetes was the most studied condition; most of the evidence comes from patients and the United States. Affordability and availability of medicines were the most reported dimension and specific barrier respectively, both cross-cutting concerns. Among high- and middle-income countries, identified barriers were cost of medicines, accompaniment by professionals, long distances to facilities, and cultural aspects; cost of transportation emerges in low-income settings. Facilitators reported were financial accessibility, trained health workers, medicines closer to communities, and patients' education. Conclusion: Barriers and facilitators are determined by socioeconomic and cultural conditions, highlighting the role of health systems in regulatory and policy context (assuring financial coverage and free medicines); providers' role bringing medicines closer; and patients' health education and disease management.

Keywords: access; barriers; diabetes; dyslipidemia; facilitators; hypertension (HTN); medicines; non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Inclusion criteria based on PCC method for scoping reviews (Chile, 2022).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Flow chart of study selection for scoping review process (Chile, 2022). WOS, Web of Science; WHO, World Health Organization; PAHO, Pan American Health Organization; OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Barriers by sub-dimensions (Chile, 2022). Source: based on , , , , , –, , , .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [internet] (2021). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases....) (Accessed June 5, 2022).
    1. World Health Organization. Hypertension - key facts [internet] (2019). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension (Accessed September 9, 2020).
    1. World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes [Internet] (2016). Available from: http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/index.html (Accessed September 9, 2020).
    1. Murphy A, Faria-Neto JR, Al-Rasadi K, Blom D, Catapano A, Cuevas A, et al. World heart federation cholesterol roadmap. Glob Heart (2017) 12(3):179–97.e5. 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.03.002 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mendis S, O’Brien E, Seedat YK, Yusuf S. Hypertension and diabetes: Entry points for prevention and control of the global cardiovascular epidemic. Int J Hypertens (2013) 2013:878460. 10.1155/2013/878460 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources