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. 2022 May-Jun;155(5&6):538-545.
doi: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3330_21.

Antibody profile in post-vaccinated & SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals

Rucha Patil  1 , Sharda Shanbhag  1 , Aruna Shankarkumar  1 , Manisha Madkaikar  1
Affiliations

Antibody profile in post-vaccinated & SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals

Rucha Patil et al. Indian J Med Res. 2022 May-Jun.

Abstract

Background & objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic it was important to assess the antibody profile in individuals vaccinated with Covaxin (BBV152) and Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) with both 28 and 84 days gaps between two doses, those infected with SARS-CoV-2 and post-COVID-19-infected individuals vaccinated with only one dose of either of the vaccines. The present study was aimed to assess these objectives.

Methods: Fifty real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19-infected individuals, along with 90 COVID-19-naïve (BBV152 and ChAdOx1 nCov-19)-vaccinated individuals, were included in the study. Individuals who received a single dose of either vaccine with a confirmed past diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=15) were also included. Blood samples were collected strictly between the 4th and 5th wk after development of symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and after the first/second vaccination dose. Antibody profile assessment was done using whole-virus, spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid-specific ELISA kits along with neutralizing antibody kit.

Results: There was an overall 97.7 per cent seropositivity rate in vaccinated individuals, and a strong correlation (R2=0.8, P<0.001) between neutralizing and spike-RBD antibodies. Among individuals who received two standard doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, the spike antibody levels developed were of higher titre with a longer prime boost interval than in those with shorter intervals (P<0.01). Individuals vaccinated with two doses as well as only one dose post-SARS-CoV-2 infection had high neutralizing and spike-specific antibodies.

Interpretation & conclusions: High neutralizing and spike-specific antibodies were developed in individuals vaccinated only with one dose of either vaccine post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. With the main priority being vaccinating majority of the population in our country, single-dose administration to such individuals would be a sensible way to make the most of the limited supplies. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody levels observed in COVID-19-naïve vaccinees imply the need for booster vaccination.

Keywords: BBV152; ChAdOx1 nCov-19; SARS-CoV-2 infection; neutralizing antibody; spike-specific antibody; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Nucleocapsid-specific antibody profile among different groups: SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group 1), naïve and exposed individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with 28 (group 2a) and 84 days (group 2b) gap, naïve and exposed individuals vaccinated with BBV-152 (group 3) and individuals who received only one dose (group 4) of either vaccine post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. High titres were observed in individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection after either one or both doses of vaccine.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Correlation of neutralizing antibodies with spike-RBD-specific antibodies. The Pearson correlation coefficient on comparison of neutralizing antibody and spike-RBD-specific antibody titres showed a strong positive correlation (R2= 0.80).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Neutralizing antibody profile among different groups: SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group 1), naïve and exposed individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with 28 (group 2a) and 84 days (group 2b) gap, naïve and exposed individuals vaccinated with BBV152 (group 3) and individuals who have received only one dose (group 4) of either vaccine post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spike-RBD antibody profile among different groups: SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group 1), naïve and exposed individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with 28 (group 2a) and 84 days (group 2b) gap, naïve and exposed individuals vaccinated with BBV152 (group 3) and individuals who have received only one dose (group 4) of either vaccine post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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