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. 2023 Jan 15;207(2):218-221.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1123LE.

The Independent Effect of COVID-19 Vaccinations and Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of COVID-19 Hospitalizations in Southern California

Zhanghua Chen  1 , Margo A Sidell  2 , Brian Z Huang  1   2 , Ting Chow  2 , Mayra P Martinez  2 , Fred Lurmann  3 , Frank D Gilliland  1 , Anny H Xiang  2
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The Independent Effect of COVID-19 Vaccinations and Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of COVID-19 Hospitalizations in Southern California

Zhanghua Chen et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
OR and 95% CIs for an increase of one SD in (A) PM2.5, (B) NO2, and (C) O3 associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)–related hospitalization within 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis for the full cohort (N = 50,010), adjusting for age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, income, college, Medicaid, Charlson comorbidity, population density, neighborhood deprivation index, month, and random effect of medical centers with a) no vaccine adjustment, b) with vaccine adjustment, c) within nonvaccinated individuals (n = 30,912), and d) within fully vaccinated individuals (n = 17,019). CI = confidence interval; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; O3 = ozone; OR = odds ratio; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter.
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