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Review
. 2022 Aug 16;14(8):e28064.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.28064. eCollection 2022 Aug.

The Role of Gut-Microbiota in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Bijay Shrestha  1 , Deepkumar Patel  2 , Hriday Shah  3 , Kerollos S Hanna  4 , Harkirat Kaur  4 , Mohammad S Alazzeh  5 , Abhay Thandavaram  3 , Aneeta Channar  6 , Ansh Purohit  3 , Sathish Venugopal  2
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Gut-Microbiota in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Bijay Shrestha et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent chronic gastrointestinal diseases, which is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely clear for IBS, multiple factors such as genetic, psychosocial, environmental, visceral hypersensitivity, low-grade inflammation, gastrointestinal motility changes, food components, and intestinal microbiota are thought to play a role in the disease process of IBS. The rapid progression of recent microbiome research using advanced microbiological technologies has shed light on dysbiosis related to the pathophysiology of IBS. We used PubMed, PubMed Central, and Medline as our primary databases to search for articles using keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords on April 30, 2022, to render a total of 4062 articles. Then, a total of 10 articles were selected following a quality assessment. Despite the variable findings in different studies, most studies have concluded that IBS patients have a reduction in bacterial diversity and an increase in the temporal instability of the microbiota. IBS is known as a stress disorder, and the gut-microbiome-brain axis has been associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, the potential of dietary manipulation of gut microbiota and the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of IBS has been studied in recent years and shown promising results. We concluded that the gut microbiome plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of IBS.

Keywords: gut microbiota; gut-brain axis; ibs; irritable bowel syndrome; visceral hypersensitivity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. PRISMA Chart
PRISMA: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure showing the relation of gut microbiota in IBS.
Adapted from Mishima Y et al. [2] IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; CNS: Central nervous system; ENS: Enteric nervous system; TLR: Toll-like receptor; CRH/HPA: Corticotropin-releasing hormone/ Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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