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. 2022 Nov;8(6):2460-2465.
doi: 10.1002/vms3.950. Epub 2022 Sep 21.

Emergence of the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump tmexCD3-toprJ3 gene confers resistance to tigecycline in Pseudomonas juntendi and Proteus terrae isolated from a pig farm in China

Jie Yang  1   2 , Ziyue Zeng  1   2 , Jufang Hu  1   2 , Zhihong Liu  1   2 , Jinrong Gu  1   2 , Xiaojun Chen  1   2 , Zhiliang Sun  1   2 , Jiyun Li  1   2
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Emergence of the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump tmexCD3-toprJ3 gene confers resistance to tigecycline in Pseudomonas juntendi and Proteus terrae isolated from a pig farm in China

Jie Yang et al. Vet Med Sci. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Tigecycline is regarded as a last-resort antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistance (MDR). However, resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump resistance genes, such as tmexCD3-toprJ3, that confer resistance to tigecycline have emerged.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterise the tmexCD3-toprJ3 gene cluster in Pseudomonas juntendi and Proteus terrae isolated from a pig farm.

Methods: Samples were obtained from a Chinese piggery and included 92 pig faecal samples, 56 wastewater samples, 23 drinking water samples, 28 sow vagina samples and nine sow uterus swabs. The presence of tmexCD3-toprJ3 was detected using a polymerase chain reaction assay, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the tmexCD3-toprJ3-positive isolates was determined using the broth dilution method. Genomic locations were identified using whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics.

Results: We identified two tmexCD3-toprJ3-positive isolates, and both isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics such as tigecycline. In addition, we identified several mobile elements (ISPa7, ISCfr1, ISVsa3) and insertion sequences (TnAs2, TnAs3) in tmexCD3-toprJ3-positive isolates that could increase the potential for the spread of MDR.

Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the detection of tmexCD3-toprJ3 in P. juntendi and P. terrae isolated from a pig farm.

Keywords: Proteus terrae; Pseudomonas juntendi; resistance-nodulation-division; tigecycline; tmexCD3-toprJ3.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Comparison of the genetic context of tmexCD3‐toprJ3 with those of closely related sequences. The extents and directions of genes are shown using arrows labeled with gene names. Cyan arrows, antibiotic resistance genes; yellow arrows, insertion sequence; pink arrows, site‐specific integrase; red arrows, resistance‐nodulation‐division (RND)‐type efflux pump system; orange arrows, other functional proteins
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