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Observational Study
. 2022 Oct:84:104257.
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104257. Epub 2022 Sep 18.

Biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction and adverse birth outcomes: An observational study among pregnant women living with HIV in Tanzania

Miles A Kirby  1 , Jacqueline M Lauer  2 , Alfa Muhihi  3 , Nzovu Ulenga  3 , Said Aboud  4 , Enju Liu  5 , Robert K M Choy  6 , Michael B Arndt  7 , Jianqun Kou  8 , Andrew Gewirtz  8 , Wafaie W Fawzi  9 , Christopher P Duggan  10 , Karim P Manji  11 , Christopher R Sudfeld  12
Affiliations
Observational Study

Biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction and adverse birth outcomes: An observational study among pregnant women living with HIV in Tanzania

Miles A Kirby et al. EBioMedicine. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) may contribute to adverse birth outcomes in low-resource settings. We examined the associations of EED biomarkers with birth outcomes in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: We performed a cohort study of 706 HIV-infected pregnant women. Maternal serum samples collected at 32 weeks gestation were analyzed for markers of EED (anti-flagellin and anti-LPS immunoglobulins, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein [I-FABP] and soluble CD14), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein [AGP]), and growth hormone resistance (insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] and fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21]. Associations of biomarkers categorized into quartiles with birth outcomes (birthweight, gestational duration, birthweight-for-gestational age, and stillbirth) were assessed using linear and log-binomial regression models adjusted for multiple sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Findings: Maternal EED biomarkers were not significantly associated with birthweight, gestation duration, or birthweight-for-gestational age. However, higher quintiles of I-FABP concentrations were associated with greater risk of stillbirth (ptrend=0·02). Higher AGP was associated with lower birthweight and was associated with increased risk of small-for-gestational age births. Higher IGF-1 was associated with higher birthweight and birthweight-for-gestational age while higher FGF21 was associated with shorter gestation and higher risk of preterm birth.

Interpretation: Maternal biomarkers of EED, systemic inflammation, and growth hormones were differentially associated with birth outcomes. Biomarkers of EED may be useful to identify pregnant women at risk of adverse birth outcomes, but further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate biological mechanisms.

Funding: National Institutes of Health.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Birth outcomes; Environmental enteric dysfunction; Growth hormone resistance; Inflammation; Prenatal nutrition.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests Christopher Duggan declares royalty payments from UpToDate, Inc. The other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Participant flow chart of pregnant women living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania included in the analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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