A Multimedia Strategy to Integrate Introductory Broad-Based Radiation Science Education in US Medical Schools

Martha S Linet¹, Kimberly E Applegate², Cynthia H McCollough³, Janet E Bailey⁴, Cedric Bright⁵, Jerrold T Bushberg⁶, Stephen J Chanock⁷, Jenna Coleman⁸, Nicole H Dalal⁹, Lawrence T Dauer¹⁰, Pamela B Davis¹¹, Robert Y Eagar¹², Guy Frija¹³, Kathryn D Held¹⁴, Lisa A Kachnic¹⁵, Ana P Kiess¹⁶, Lloyd W Klein¹⁷, Ourania Kosti¹⁸, Charles W Miller¹⁹, Michelle M Miller-Thomas²⁰, Christopher Straus²¹, Neha Vapiwala²², Jessica S Wieder²³, Don C Yoo²⁴, James A Brink²⁵, John L Dalrymple²⁶

Affiliations

¹ Chief and Senior Investigator, Radiation Epidemiology Branch (retired) and currently NIH Scientist Emerita, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: linetm@exchange.nih.gov.
² Division Chief and Professor of Pediatric Radiology (retired), University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, and currently Chair of Committee 3 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Ottawa, Canada.
³ Brooks-Hollern Professor of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
⁴ Professor of Radiology and Associate Chair for Education in Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
⁵ Associate Dean for Admissions and Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina's Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina.
⁶ Clinical Professor of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, and Vice President, National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
⁷ Director and Chief of the Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
⁸ Executive Director of the Medical Educational Council of Pensacola, Pensacola, Florida.
⁹ Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
¹⁰ Attending Physicist, Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
¹¹ Dean School of Medicine (emerita) and Arline H. and Curtis F. Garvin Research Professor, Center for Community Health Integration, and Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
¹² Diagnostic Radiology Resident, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
¹³ Professor of Radiology (Emeritus), Université de Paris, Paris, France.
¹⁴ President of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, and Associate Radiation Biologist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
¹⁵ Chair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York.
¹⁶ Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences and Director of the Residency Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
¹⁷ Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
¹⁸ Senior Program Officer at the Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC.
¹⁹ Chief (retired) Radiation Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, and currently a Consultant in Nuclear and Radiological Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
²⁰ Associate Professor of Radiology and Director of Medical Student Education at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
²¹ Associate Professor of Radiology and Director of Medical Student Education, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
²² Professor and Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
²³ Director of the Center for Radiation Information and Outreach, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
²⁴ Director of Nuclear Medicine, Miriam Hospital and Professor of Diagnostic Imaging and Clinical Educator, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
²⁵ Chair, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
²⁶ Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and Associate Dean for Medical Education Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Associate Chair and Vice Chair for Faculty Development and Faculty Affairs and Gynecologic Oncology Fellowship Program Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

PMID: 36130692
PMCID: PMC10578400
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.08.010

Review

A Multimedia Strategy to Integrate Introductory Broad-Based Radiation Science Education in US Medical Schools

Martha S Linet et al. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 Feb.

. 2023 Feb;20(2):251-264.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.08.010. Epub 2022 Sep 19.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Chief and Senior Investigator, Radiation Epidemiology Branch (retired) and currently NIH Scientist Emerita, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: linetm@exchange.nih.gov.
² Division Chief and Professor of Pediatric Radiology (retired), University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, and currently Chair of Committee 3 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Ottawa, Canada.
³ Brooks-Hollern Professor of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
⁴ Professor of Radiology and Associate Chair for Education in Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
⁵ Associate Dean for Admissions and Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina's Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina.
⁶ Clinical Professor of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, and Vice President, National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
⁷ Director and Chief of the Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
⁸ Executive Director of the Medical Educational Council of Pensacola, Pensacola, Florida.
⁹ Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
¹⁰ Attending Physicist, Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
¹¹ Dean School of Medicine (emerita) and Arline H. and Curtis F. Garvin Research Professor, Center for Community Health Integration, and Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
¹² Diagnostic Radiology Resident, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
¹³ Professor of Radiology (Emeritus), Université de Paris, Paris, France.
¹⁴ President of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, and Associate Radiation Biologist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
¹⁵ Chair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York.
¹⁶ Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences and Director of the Residency Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
¹⁷ Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
¹⁸ Senior Program Officer at the Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC.
¹⁹ Chief (retired) Radiation Studies Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, and currently a Consultant in Nuclear and Radiological Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
²⁰ Associate Professor of Radiology and Director of Medical Student Education at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
²¹ Associate Professor of Radiology and Director of Medical Student Education, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
²² Professor and Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
²³ Director of the Center for Radiation Information and Outreach, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
²⁴ Director of Nuclear Medicine, Miriam Hospital and Professor of Diagnostic Imaging and Clinical Educator, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
²⁵ Chair, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
²⁶ Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and Associate Dean for Medical Education Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Associate Chair and Vice Chair for Faculty Development and Faculty Affairs and Gynecologic Oncology Fellowship Program Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

PMID: 36130692
PMCID: PMC10578400
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.08.010

Abstract

US physicians in multiple specialties who order or conduct radiological procedures lack formal radiation science education and thus sometimes order procedures of limited benefit or fail to order what is necessary. To this end, a multidisciplinary expert group proposed an introductory broad-based radiation science educational program for US medical schools. Suggested preclinical elements of the curriculum include foundational education on ionizing and nonionizing radiation (eg, definitions, dose metrics, and risk measures) and short- and long-term radiation-related health effects as well as introduction to radiology, radiation therapy, and radiation protection concepts. Recommended clinical elements of the curriculum would impart knowledge and practical experience in radiology, fluoroscopically guided procedures, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, and identification of patient subgroups requiring special considerations when selecting specific ionizing or nonionizing diagnostic or therapeutic radiation procedures. Critical components of the clinical program would also include educational material and direct experience with patient-centered communication on benefits of, risks of, and shared decision making about ionizing and nonionizing radiation procedures and on health effects and safety requirements for environmental and occupational exposure to ionizing and nonionizing radiation. Overarching is the introduction to evidence-based guidelines for procedures that maximize clinical benefit while limiting unnecessary risk. The content would be further developed, directed, and integrated within the curriculum by local faculties and would address multiple standard elements of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Keywords: ACR Appropriateness Criteria; ionizing radiation; medical school education; nonionizing radiation; radiation science education.

Published by Elsevier Inc.

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References

1. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Medical radiation exposure of patients in the United States. Bethesda, MD. NCRP Report; 184, 2019.
1. UNSCEAR 2008. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. Vol 1. Appendix A, United Nations, New York, 2010.
1. Rubin GD. Computed tomography: revolutionizing the practice of medicine for 40 years. Radiology 2014;273 (2 suppl): S45–S74. - PubMed
1. [last accessed 7/26/2022]. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/ACR-Appropriateness-Criteria.
1. [last accessed 7/26/2022]. https://www.imagewisely.org/imaging-modalities/nuclear-medicine.

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A Multimedia Strategy to Integrate Introductory Broad-Based Radiation Science Education in US Medical Schools

Affiliations

A Multimedia Strategy to Integrate Introductory Broad-Based Radiation Science Education in US Medical Schools

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources